CSS框架之BootStrap
⼀、CSS框架:
1、定义:CSS框架是⼀系列CSS⽂件的集合体,包含了基本的元素重置、页⾯排版、⽹格布局、表单样式、通⽤规则等代码块,⽤于简化web前端开发的⼯作,提⾼⼯作效率。
2、CSS框架的优点:提⾼CSS代码重⽤效率,基础的代码不需要重复编写;
提供统⼀⽽规范的CSS编码规则,有利于团队协作;
浏览器对其兼容性较好。
⼆、BootStrap:
1、定义:BootStrap是当前较为流⾏的CSS框架之⼀,是Twitter退出的⼀个⽤于前端开发的开源⼯具包。
2、优点:企业开发多使⽤某种CSS框架,其中以BootStrap为⽬前使⽤居多;
有利于学习和理解其他框架。
eg:第⼀个BootStrap界⾯(⾸先引⼊bootstrap.min.css):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE-edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/>
<title>bootstrap_01</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
</head>
<body>
<h3>你好,欢迎学习BootStrap!</h3>
</body>
</html>
3、BootStrap基本样式—栅格
(1)栅格基本使⽤⽅式:
a. 使⽤.container(1170px)或container—fluid包裹;
b.列应当包含在⾏“row”中;
c.列的基本格式:(col-屏幕⼤⼩-数字)。
eg:栅格使⽤
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE-edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/>
<title>bootstrap_01</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3" >col-3</div>
<div class="col-md-9" >col-9</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
(2)栅格基本使⽤⽅式⼆:
⼀⾏多余12列时⾃动换⾏;列偏移(.col-md-offset-n:向右偏移n列);嵌套列(在⼀个col下再使⽤row产⽣⼀个或多个⾏)eg:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE-edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Hello Bootstrap</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- 添加IE8⽀持 -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3" >.col-md-6</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4" >4</div>
<div class="col-md-8" >8</div>
</div>jquery框架定义
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
4、排版:
(1)基于html标签样式:h1-h6、p、mark、del、strong;
(2)⽂本对齐:Text-left text-right text-center text-nowrap;
(3)列表:list-unstyled(去掉标记)、list-inline(将li显⽰在⼀⾏)。
5、表格样式:
(1)基本样式:table-striped:条纹表格;table-bordered:带边框表格;
table-hover:⿏标悬停;table-condensed:紧缩表格;
(2)状态类:给单元格设置颜⾊:.active,.success,.info,.warning,.danger
(3)响应式表格:table-responsive
6、表单样式:
(1)基本样式:form-control:表单元素的宽度属性为100%;input-group:表单分组;
checkbox-inline:在⼀⾏显⽰checkbox;Radio-inline:在⼀⾏显⽰radio;
disabled:禁⽤;readonly:只读;
.has-warning、.has-error或.has-success:表单校验;
添加图标:has-feedback;控件尺⼨:input-lg,input-sm
(2)表单其他样式:form-inline:内联表单;form-horizontal:⽔平标签。
(3)按钮:btn:显⽰为⼀个按钮,⽤于button元素或其他元素;
颜⾊:btn-default,btn-primary,btn-success,btn-info,btn-warning,btn-danger,btn-link; 尺⼨:btn-lg,btn-sm,btn-block;
disabled:禁⽤。
(4)图⽚:响应式图⽚:img-responsive;
图⽚形状:img-rounded,img-cride,img-thumbnail.
7、辅助⼯具:
(1)⽂字颜⾊:text-muted,text-primary,text-success
text-info,text-warning,text-danger
(2)背景颜⾊:bg-muted,bg-primary,bg-success
bg-info,bg-warning,bg-danger
(3)浮动:Pull-xx: right:xxx%,Push-xx:left: xxx%,clearfix
(4)内容居中:center-block
(5)显⽰或隐藏:show,hidden
(6)响应式⼯具:visible-xs-*:可见,hidden-xs:隐藏
8、BootStrap组件
(1)下拉菜单:dropdown,dropdown-menu,
dropdown-header:不可点击的菜单
(2)按钮组:button-group;btn-group-vertical:垂直排列
(3)导航:a.基本导航:nav;nav-tabs:标签式导航;nav-pills:胶囊式导航;
b.导航条:Navbar, navbar-brand:品牌图标 ,navbar-btn:导航按钮
Navbar-text:导航⽂本 ,Navbar-left/navbar-right:元素居左/居右
navbar-fixed-top:固定在顶部 , navbar-fixed-bottom:固定在底部
navbar-default:反⾊
c.路径导航:breadcrumb
(4)标签:Label , label-default ,label-primary
label-success ,label-info ,label-warning
label-danger
(5)列表:list-group;List-group-item:列表项;list-group-item-heading;list-group-item-text; (6)⾯板: Panel ,panel-heading ,panel-title ,panel-body:
panel-footer ,panel-primary ,panel-success
panel-info ,panel-warning ,panel-danger
Panel和其它元素的组合
(7)分页:pagination;
(8)徽章:badge;
(9)巨幕:jumbotron;
(10)缩略图:thumbnail
eg:下拉菜单,按钮:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE-edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/>
<title>bootstrap_01</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="./bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="dropdown">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="dropdown">下拉菜单
<span class="caret"></span>
</button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">⼦菜单1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">⼦菜单2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">⼦菜单3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">⼦菜单4</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="btn-group">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Left</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Middle</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Right</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
eg:导航:
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