名词变复数
名词变复数规则变化及发音:
1、绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s ; eg:book→books;desk→desks;pen→pens;car→cars  s遇t读浊辅音[ts],遇d读清辅音[dz]  eg:friend→friends; cat→cats;
2.、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词,在该词末尾加上-es;读音规则:读[iz];
eg:bus→buses; box→boxes; watch→watchches; dish→dishes
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要把y变为i,再加-es;读音规则:读[z]。
eg:fly→flies; baby→babies; 元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s;eg:toy→toys;boy→boys;
4、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,要将-f或-fe变为-v,再加es;读音规则:读[vz];
eg:knife→knives;leaf→leaves;
5、以-o结尾的名词,初级阶段只有三个单词要加-es,其余都加-s;读音规则:读[z]。
eg:tomato→tomatoes西红柿; potato→potatoes土豆; hero→heroes英雄; Negro—Negroes          口诀:“黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿”  其余eg:zoo→zoos; hippo→hippos;
名词变复数不规则变化:
1.单词内部发生变化:口诀“oo常常变ee,男人女人a变e”
eg:foot→feet脚;tooth→teeth牙齿;man→men男人;woman→women女人;
2.单复数相同:“羊鱼小鹿无变化,单数复数是一家”
eg:sheep→sheep绵羊;fish→fish鱼;deer→deer鹿;
3.不规则变化:child→children孩子;mouse→mice老鼠;German→Germans德国人;
4“某国人”的复数有三种类型: 口诀“中日不变,英法变,其它S加后边”
(1)Chinese, Japanese单数复数同形,不需加s;
(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men;
(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians,
二.不可数名词:
⒈不可数名词概念:不可以数的名词叫做不可数名词。包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词)。
⒉不可数名词特点:
⑴不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与a, an及数词连用,常作单数看待。
例: water  There’s some water in the bottle.
food  My favourite food is noodles.
⑵不可数名词如表数量,常和a bottle of, a glass of等名词词组连用。如表示复数,只把量词改为复数。
例:a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 ,  two glasses of orange juice 两杯桔子汁,
three cups of tea 三杯茶 ,a piece of paper一张纸
⑶有些物质名词有时可数,有时不可数,要根据上下文决定,其意义也有所不同。
    A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。(玻璃杯可数,玻璃不可数。)radio的复数形式
    I bought a melon yesterday. I want to eat some melon.
特殊名词的讲解:
⑴people 作“人们,人民”解时,只有复数形式,谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时,单复数不同,复数要在词尾加s。
There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。
⑵clothes,pyjamas等属于无单数形式的复数名词,谓语作复数。
例:My favourite clothes are pants.  These pyjamas are too small.
⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts,scissors等名词,由两部分构成,常以复数形式出现,谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示,此时如作主语,谓语要作单数看待。
例:Your pants are blue.  This pair of pants is mine.
⑷集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数; 指成员时,谓语用复数。
  His family  is  a large family.  His family  like  animals.
指整体                          指成员
⑸有的名词单复数意思不同:
例:hair 和fruit 通常作单数,表示总体。
My hair is black. 我的头发是黑的。
      I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。
但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果,则需用复数形式.
Danny has three hairs.丹尼有三根头发。
      She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨,桃和其它水果。
一、请写出下列词的复数形式。(1*50=50)
city          zoo       
country    _____ tooth  ____   
mouse    __  boy____________ broom ___________car  ____   
tree    ______horse    ______ bus______________ fox    _____
branch    ____ baby    _____ family    _____ dish    _____ 
radio    _____ photo    _____ piano    _____ knife     _____
leaf    _____    life    _____ thief    _____ _man    _____
woman    _____ child    ___ 
foot          this _____________ watch___________ diary____________ day____________ book____________ 
dress____________ sheep___________ tea_____________ box___________   
strawberry_________  peach________sandwich__________ paper_________ 
juice__________water____________  milk___________ rice__________ 
people                     CD             
ox___________deer____________ fish___________
二、单项选择 (1’*10=10’)
 (  )1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.
A. cloth    B. water   
C. flowers
(  )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.
A. boy  B. boys    C. boies
(  )3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?
A. foots   B. feet  C. feets
(  )4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese
B Americans, Japanese
C. American, Japanese
 (  )5. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
A. fish    B. book    C. horse
(  )6. The _____ has two______.
A. boy; watch  B. boy; watches    C. boys; watch
(  )7. The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany    B. Germanys    C. Germans
(  )8. The girl brushes her _____ every day before she goes to bed.
A. tooths  B. teeth   C. teeths
(  )9.I saw many _____ in the street.
A.peoples B.people          C.people’s
(  )10.The green sweater is his _________.
A.brother        B.brothers        C.brother’s
三、选择填空 (1’*10=10’)

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