名词复数的构成方法
1. 名词复数的构成方法
(1) 在一般情况下,加词尾 -s:
book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸
(2) 以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常加词尾 -es:
bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子
【注】有些以 ch 结尾的名词,由于其发音不是 [ ] 而是[ ],那么其复数形式应加词尾-s,如stomach / stomachs(胃)。摘自英语语法网
(3) 以y 结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将 y 改为 ies;
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:
city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
【注】以y结尾的专有名词,若在某些特殊情况下需要复数,通常加-s构成:Mary / Marys 玛丽 Germany / Germanys 德国
(4) 以 o 结尾的名词,有些加词尾 -s,有些加-es,有些加-s或-es均可:
piano / pianos 钢琴 tomato / tomatoes 西红柿 zero / zero(e)s
【注】有人对英语中所有以o结尾的名词作了统计,一共近200来个,其中绝大部分的复数形式通过加词尾-s构成,少数加词尾-es。常见的加词尾-es 的主要有以下4个:tomato(西红柿),potato(土豆),hero(英雄),Negro(黑人)。
(5) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,也有两种可能:即有些直接加词尾-s,有些则把 f / fe 改为 ves:
chief / chiefs 首领 roof / roofs 屋顶 knife / knives 小刀
【注】常见的要改 f / fe 为 ves 的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词):wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(树叶),thief(贼),half(一半),self(自己),shelf(架子),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。摘自英语语法网
另外,英语中的handkerchief(手帕)一词的复数有两种形式:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves,但在现代英语中,以用 handkerchiefs 为多见。
2. 单数与复数同形的名词。常见的主要的有:
sheep 绵羊 fish 鱼
deer 鹿 Chinese 中国人
Japanese 日本人 Portuguese 葡萄牙人
Swiss 瑞士人 aircraft 飞行器
means 方法 series 系列
head (牛等的)头数 works 工厂
【注】fish 有时也用 fishes 这样的复数形式,尤其是表示种类时;head 若不是表示牲口的“头数”,而是表示“人的头”或“人数”,则要用 heads 这样的复数形式。
3. 不规则的复数名词。有的名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则:
man / men 男人 woman / women 女人
child / children 小孩 tooth / teeth 牙齿
foot / feet 脚 goose / geese 鹅
mouse / mice 老鼠 ox / oxen 公牛
【注】(1) 一些以 man, woman 结尾的合成词,在构成复数时与 man, woman 的变化形式相同,如:policeman / policemen(警察),gentleman / gentlemen(绅士),Englishman / Englishmen (英国人),等等。但是 human(人),German(德国人)不是合成词,其复数不能仿 man 的
变化规律,而是按规则变化,即用 humans, Germans。
(2) foot表示“英尺”时,其复数可以有两种形式 feet / foot,如:He is about six feet [foot] tall. 他大约6英尺高。
名词单复数练习
1)写出下列名词的复数形式。
1.bag _______ 2.orange _______ 3.family _______
4.wish _______ 5.shelf _______ 6.knife _______
7.key _______ 8.baby _______ 9.tooth _______
10.foot _______ 11.woman _______ 12.sheep _______
13.Japanese _______ 14.potato _______ 15.radio _______
16.child _______ 17.fish _______ 18.photo _______
19.Frenchman _______ 20.man doctor _______ 21.watch _______
22. bus _______ 23. sheep _______ 24. foot _______
2)选择填空
1. They come from different ______
A. country
B. countries
C. a country
D. countrys
2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos
B. tomatoes
C. tomato
D. the tomato
3. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers
C. women teacher
D. woman teacher
4. Would you like _______ ,please?
A. two glass of water
B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of waters
D. two glasses of waters
5. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German
B. German, Germen
C. Germen, Germany
D. Germans, Germany
6. There are some ______ in these _______.
A. knifes…pencil-boxes
B. knives…pencils-box
C. knives…pencil-box
D. knives…pencils-boxes
7. ______ like ______ by air.
A. Greens, travelling
B. The Green, traveling
radio的复数形式C. The Greens, travel
D. The Greens, traveling
8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films (武打片).
A. the people
B. people
C. peoples
D. the peoples
9. There is no ______ in the plate.
A. apples
B. oranges
C. rice
D. eggs
10. _______ are good for our health.
A. Tomatos
B. Tomatoes
C. Tomato
11. I like to eat cake with ______.
A. cherries
B. cherry
C.cherrys
12. ______ and ______ are not friends.
A. Foxs…wolfs
B. Foxes…wolfs
C. Foxes…wolves
13. These are the ______ of our national ______.
A. photos … heroes
B. photoes … heroes
C. photos … heros
14. The ______ are running on the ______.
A. deer … grasses
B. deers … grass
C. deer … grass
15. I was so hungry and I ate two ______.
A. bowls of noodle
B. bowls of noodles
C. bowl of noodles 3).填入所给名词的正确形式
1. I have two_____ (knife)
2. There are many _____ here. (box)
3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)
4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)
4)请用括号中名词的复数形式填空
1 Look at those _______. (child)
2 I can see a __________ standing near the door. (policeman)
3 Do you want some ________ for dinner? (potato)
4 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)
5 He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)
6 Two ________ live in this building .( family )
5)选择正确的词形
1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see?
2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.
3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep).
4 I don’t want (a, an) old cup.
5 Give me that (box, boxes), please.
6)将以下单复数句进行转换
1 This is a knife. ______________________________________
2 That is a tomato. ______________________________________
3 That child is very good._____________________________________
4 These are mice. ______________________________________
5 Those are children. ______________________________________
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