第2P总第262期)
2021年2月URBAN ROADS BRIDGES&FLOOD CONTROL桥梁结构D01:10.16799/jki.csdqyfh.2021.02.013
钢结构人行桥自振频率影响因素及其分析
叶涛!,李亚平",肖海波1
(1.宁波市城建设计研究院有限公司,浙江宁波315012;2•宁波市供排水有限公司工程建设管理分公司,浙江宁波315041)
摘要:城市钢结构人行天桥竖向自振频率为设计控制要素之一。提出了影响桥梁自振频率的因素,并通过有限元分析软件梁单元模型进行分析计算,研究了结构型式、梁高及桥面铺装对桥梁自振频率的影响。得到的相关结论可对同类工程起到借鉴参考意义。
关键词:钢结构;人行天桥;自振频率
中图分类号:U448.11文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-7716(2021)02-0048-03
0引言
城市进程,人行过天桥及公
天桥来多。伴人们日渐提高的审,新的人行天桥相
来结构有频率的,行人[常行频,人-桥振,人行桥L 振⑴人行桥对人行桥共振提的设计要有频率
响分析城市人行天桥人行
(CJJ69—1995)频率£法,要竖向自振频率3Hz。人行天桥的过振行人来,对结构有一影响有要对人行天桥的竖
向振及其影响因素进行深入研究。
1影响桥梁自振频率的因素
结构的自振频率公式
Y#(%)]2d%
!2二一!-------------------------------------------------------------
]°&(%)[Y(%)]2d%+"m(Y?(1)(2)
式!为圆频率;/为频率;*为模;/为面;$(%)为位移形状函数;Y(为质点&的振幅;&为平均质;I为桥梁跨
式(1)、式(2)可知,桥梁的自振频率与以下因素有关:
收稿日期:2020-07-17
作者简介:叶涛(1989―),男,硕士,工程师,从事桥梁
设计工作。
(1)桥梁结构型式。结构型式同,位移函数$(%)
就不同,从影响结构的自振频率。
(2)面抗弯刚频率/VET成,
EI为面抗弯刚一,面,结构频率面要面梁高有关,梁高,面因此设计高跨是影响结构自振频率的因素之一
(3)质量。频率/与成反比,其中&为结构
单位长质当结构身面一,二恒载质就影响结构体质,从而影响结构的自振频率
2计算分析
2.1计算模型
本文通过有限元软件Midas Civil2019,采用梁单元进行桥模拟计算计算截面钢箱梁,要分析效,将自重二恒载转为质量参计算,分析类型子空间迭代叫钢箱梁面尺寸图1所示。
3500
顶板厚4
£
14。1园[忌丨1-
❻口劲板厚4mm
、加劲板厚4mm
Z机加劲板厚4mm
11
11
2200
图%钢箱梁截面示意图(单位:
p
~n
腹板厚16mm
极厚14mm
mm)
钢梁材质选用Q355D。
二恒载的选取。钢桥面铺装设计较
的两种类型:①5mm厚聚V防水涂料防滑层+金刚砂;②70mm厚的ERS。栏杆荷载采用单边2.5kN/m。48
2021年第2期叶涛,等:钢结构人行桥自振频率影响因素及其分析
2.2计算结果
2.2.1结构型式不同对自振频率的影响
在相同计算跨径30$,同种铺装类型(ERS)下,
在不同高跨比下不同边中跨比的等截面连续梁的频
率对比见表1。
表1不同边中跨比连续梁的频率值单位:Hz
边中跨比-
%/20%625梁高
%630%640
0.3  6.5  5.3  4.4  3.3
0.65  5.5  4.5  3.7  2.8
14  3.2  2.72
由计算结果可得,相同条件下,连续梁的边中跨比越小,结构的自振频率越大。这是由于连续梁的边跨对中跨有一定的约束作用,导致计算跨径的位移函数!(")产生了变化,而边中跨比越小,约束作用越强。
在相同计算跨径30$,同种铺装类型(ERS)下,在不同高跨比下简支梁与等截面连续梁(表中边中跨
比取0.65)的频率对比见表2o
表2简支梁与连续梁的频率值单位:Hz
结构类型-
%620
梁高
%625%630%640
连续梁  5.5  4.5  3.7  2.8
简支梁4  3.2  2.72
比  1.375  1.406  1.37  1.4
由计算结果可得,相同条件下,由于边跨的约束作用,连续梁比简支梁自振频率要高岀约39%o由表1跟表2的数据可知,当连续梁的边中跨比为1时,其自振频率同相同计算跨径下的简支梁。
在相同计算跨径40$,边中跨比取0.65,同种铺装类型(ERS)下,进行等截面连续梁(#=1.6$)与变截面连续梁($=1.2〜2.4$)的频率对比。在保证总的用钢梁一定的情况下,得23结果。
MIDAS/Civil
POST-PROCESSOR
9%ATI0N MODE
自振周期/s
一0.294649
MPM/%
^F111AX=1.156463
AY=O.000000
AZ=4.246774
RX02000000
RY=0.001031
RZ=O.000000
图2等截面连续梁竖向一阶频率图示
MIDAS/Civil
POST-PROCESSOR
VIBRATION MMiAT
N)
(CYCLE/CEC)
3.012800
自振周期/s
0.331217
MPM/C
AX=1.800889
AY=0.000000
AZ=3.121258
RX03000000
RY=0.002065
RZ=0.000000
图3变截面连续梁竖向一阶频率图示
由计算结果可得,相同条件下,等截面连续梁频率(3.4Hz)大于变截面连续梁频率(3.0Hz)°这是由于结构的跨中位移对频率大,同样用钢梁下,变截面连续梁跨中梁高位移大。
2.2.2高跨比不同对自振频率的影响
在同种铺装类型(ERS)下,简支梁在不同高跨比下的频率4o
图4简支梁在不同高跨比下频率曲线(ERS)
由计算结果可得,相同条件下,梁高越高,频率越大。定的3Hz为限频率,梁高为%/20时限跨径可取40$,梁高为%/25时限跨径可取到30$,梁高为%/30时极限跨径可取到25 $,梁高为%/40时极限跨径可取到20$°
在同种铺装类型(聚“+金刚砂)下,简支梁在不同高跨比下的频率5o
图5简支梁在不同高跨比下频率曲线(聚腺+金刚砂)
由计算结果可得,相同条件下,梁高越高,频率越大。以规范规定的3Hz为极限频率,梁高为%/20时限跨径可取到45 $,梁高为%/25时限跨径49
2021年第2期叶涛,等:钢结构人行桥自振频率影响因素及其分析
可取到35叫梁高为L/30时极限跨径可取到30叫梁高为L/40时极限跨径可取到25$-
在同种铺装类型(ERS)下,连续梁(边中跨比取0.65)在不同高跨比下的频率值如图6所示。
图6连续梁在不同高跨比下频率曲线(ERS)
由计算结果可得,相同条件下,梁高越高,频率越大。以规范规定的3Hz为极限频率,梁高为L/20时极限跨径可取到55$,梁高为L/25时极限跨径可取到45$,梁高为L/30时极限跨径可取到35$,梁高为L/40时极限跨径可取到25$-
在同种铺装类型(聚X+金刚砂)下,连续梁(边中跨比取0.65)在不同高跨比下的频率值如图7所示。
图7连续梁在不同高跨比下频率曲线(聚腺+金刚砂)
由计算结果可得,相同条件下,梁高越高,频率越大-以规范规定的3Hz为极限频率,梁高为L/20时极限跨径可取到60$,梁高为L/25时极限跨径可取到50$,梁高为L/30时极限跨径可取到40$,梁高为L/40时极限跨径可取到30$-
2.2.3铺装不同对自振频率的影响
简支梁在相同高跨比(L/25),不同铺装类型下,结构频率值对比见表3Q
表3不同铺装类型简支梁的频率值单位:Hz 铺装类型
L/$
10152025303540聚X+金刚砂10.37.1  5.4  4.4  3.7  3.1  2.7 ERS8.8  6.1  4.7  3.8  3.2  2.7  2.4
比值  1.17  1.164  1.149  1.158  1.156  1.148  1.125
由计算结果可得,相同条件下,铺装越薄,结构频率越大,5$$厚的聚X+金刚砂比相同条件下的70$$厚的ERS频率可增加约15.3%o
3结语
本文通过Midas Civil2019梁单元模型进行有限元分析计算,可得到以下结论t
(1)连续梁的边中跨比越小,结构的自振频率越大。当边中跨比为1时,频率等于同等条件下的简支梁。设计中在满足边跨受压的下,可当边中跨比-
(2)相同条件下,连续梁(边中跨比取0.65)比简支梁自振频率高约39%-
(3)相同条件下,定时,等截面连续梁频率大于连续梁-
(4)梁高越高,频率越大;在不虑结构强度、刚度及稳定性的下,论给不同高跨比下简支结构及连续结构在不同铺装类型情况下满足3Hz 频率的极限跨径。
(5)铺装越薄,结构频率越大,5 $$厚的聚X+金刚砂比相同条件下的70$$厚的ERS频率可增加约15.3%o
参考文献:
⑴陈政清,旭刚•人行桥的振动与动力设计?M@•北京:人民交通出版
社,2009.
⑵葛俊颖•桥梁工程软件Midas Civil使用指南?M@•北京:人民交通
出版社,2013.
50
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