英汉互译lecturenote2(仅供参考)解析
Lecture note 2
1、直译(literal translation)VS意译(free translation)
直译:是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。直译不等于硬译或死译,也叫逐字翻译——就是以词为单位进行考虑的,力求目的语的每个词都能与原语的每个词对等。直译不仅能保持原作的特点,而且还可使读者逐步接受原作的文学风格,促进语言多样性,丰富目的语的语言形式,以利跨文化沟通与交流。
Eg:
1.dark horse(黑马)brandy(白兰地)rifle(来福)
carnation(康乃馨)litchi(荔枝)salon(沙龙)
engine(引擎)gentlemen’s agreement(君子协议)
one country,two systems(一国两制)
2.to show one’s cards
摊牌
3.Soon got, soon gone.
来得容易,去得快。
4.Speech is silver, silence is golden.
雄辩是银,沉默是金。
5.There is no smoke without fire.
无火不生烟
6.The worst wheel of a cart creaks most.
最坏的车轮最会嘎嘎响。
7.Out of sight, out of mind.
眼不见,心不念。
8.来得易,去得疾。
Easy come, easy go.
9.同一个世界,同一个梦想。
One world, one dream.
10.She has many hot potatoes to handle every day.
她每天都要处理很多棘手的问题。
11.Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, whole sale tea prices have
almost doubled.
部分由于日益增长的需求,批发茶的价格几乎翻了一番。
12.It was an old and ragged moon.
这是一弯下弦残月。
意译,就是“自由翻译”。这里的“自由”主要指“结构自由”,就是说不用原文的表达方法,对原作句子的结构进行较大的变化和调整。
Eg:
13.塞翁失马,焉知非福。
[译文1]When the old man on the frontier lost his mare, who could have guessed it was a blessing in disguise?
[译文2]A loss may turn out to be a gain.
14.We had the luxury of being able to choose from ten good candidates for the position.
这个工作职位的挑选余地大,我们有十位出的候选人可供挑选。
15.Worldly hearts are penny-wise and pound –foolish.
世俗之人小事聪明,大事糊涂。
16.His integrity and sincerity recommend him to his colleagues.
他为人正直,待人诚恳,因此在同事中颇有人脉。
17.Having this thorny problem sorted out will sort out the men from the boys.
处理一下这个棘手的问题就能知道谁的能力大谁的能力小了。
2、包含典故的文化习语
18.挂羊头,卖狗肉
cry up wine and sell vinegar
19.杀鸡取卵
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
20.情人眼里出西施
Love is blind.
21.说曹操,曹操就到。
Talk of the devil and he will appear.
22.老马识途Sense comes with age.
23.一花独放不是春
One swallow does not make a summer.
3、汉译英时能到汉语的对等含义,但是语义有所差异,必须按
照英语的语言习惯表达.
24.人多互打乱,鸡多不下蛋。
Everyone’s business is nobody’s business.
25.一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。
One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
26.人人都有得意之时。
Every dog has its day.
4、根据上下文语境,对有些词汇、句式进行适当调整、转换
Eg:
27. A good teacher should have his head in the clouds sometimes, but his feet always on
the ground.
28.I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.
[译文1]我把青春献给了海洋,等我回家,献给妻子的只有迟暮之年。
[译文2]我把青春献给了大海,等我回到家见到妻子的时候,已是白发苍苍。
29.I talked to him with brutal frankness.
1)我同他谈话用粗暴的坦率。(逐词翻译)
2)我同他谈话时,使用了令人不快的真诚的语言。(直译)
3)我对他讲的话,虽然逆耳,却是忠言。(意译)
30.His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.
1)他的烦恼不能承受夜晚宁静的美丽。(逐词翻译)
2)他的烦恼经不起这宁静的良宵美景的感染。(直译)
3)面对这宁静的良宵美景,他的烦恼渐渐消逝了。(意译)
5、不能直译的语例
3)不能直译的语例
China policy 中国政策English disease英国病Greek gift 希腊人的礼品Spanish athlete 西班牙的运动员
●Indian summer
●French chalk
●pull one's leg 对华政策
软骨病
害人的礼品
吹牛的人
愉快宁静的晚年滑石粉
开玩笑
6、佳例赏析
31.One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
【译文】与其一知半解,不如全然不知。
【赏析】这句话直译肯定行不通。经意译后译文不仅概括了原文的意旨,而
且结构上运用了汉语的成语和四字结构,对仗整齐,措辞严谨,是一难得译例。
32.My sister goes back to the fat farm again.
【译文】我妹妹又去减肥中心了。
【赏析】有学生望文生义,将这句话译成“我妹妹又去肥胖农场了。”殊不知fat farm是个俚语说法,意思是“减肥中心”。顺带说一下,英语学习者遇到fat 一定要小心,比如:Y ou have a fat chance并不是说你有希望,而是“你没有机会了;你希望渺茫”。再如, Fat cats are always showing off their money意思是“阔老们总喜欢炫耀他们的财富。”而chew the fat则跟“咀嚼”和“脂肪”也扯不上干系, 它是指“闲谈”——几个人聚在一起, 天南地北地东拉西扯。
33.The research finds that young women are heading for an early grave through
smoking and of lack of exercise.semicircle
【译文】这项研究发现,青年妇女由于抽烟和缺少运动,将大大缩短自己的寿命。
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