第三讲　形容词和副词
        句子成分切莫忘
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ____________ (shine) object.
shiny/shining　解析：根据空格后的object可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
fairly　解析：修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词.
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady._________________
_ __
steady→steadily　解析：grow是谓语动词，故用副词修饰.
4．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.____________________
seriously→serious　解析：problem为名词，前面应用形容词修饰.
5．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)There are plenty of jobs availably in the western part of the country.____________________
availably→available　解析：修饰名词jobs应用形容词，availably是副词.
通关点击 _________________________________________________________原则这样解读
(1)看到提示词作定语、表语或补足语，要想到用形容词；
(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，要想到用副词；
(3)形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果.
(2017·山东高三下学期综合测试)Ron had a successful career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.　在退休过轻松日子之前，罗恩在福特公司工作，他的事业很成功.
Luckily, her stepmother was kind to her.
幸运的是，她的继母对她很好.
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累.
        牢记几组易混形容词、副词
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·沈阳监测)Passing through several streets, we saw no  one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldn’t bear to keep my eyes ____________ (wide) open.
wide　解析：考查副词.空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式；wide本身就有副词词性，意为“完全地”.注意：此处不能填widely, widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等.
2．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)“God，help me！” I begged anxiously. “Is there someone who will be kind enough to stop and help me out？” ____________， there was no sign of anyone.
However　解析：考查副词.空处前句表达作者想得到别人帮助的愿望，空后句意为“看不到任何人”，前后为转折关系且有逗号隔开，故用副词However.
3．(2017·沈阳监测)I received an ____________ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me.
amazed　解析：考查形容词.空处修饰名词“look”，形容人的表情，故用amazed.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.____________________
Beside→Besides　解析：beside是介词，此处需要副词，故用besides，表示“除……之外(还)”.
5．(全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.____________________
before→ago　解析：before和一段时间连用常表示过去某时间之前；ago和一段时间连用则表示在多长时间之前.根据句意可知，指大约在五年前，故用ago.
6．(2016·浙江卷)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.____________________
late→later　解析：句意：当我还是个小孩子时，我爸爸创造一个定期的活动，这个活动我很多年之后依然记忆清晰.本句中混用了late与later，前者为形容词“迟到，迟做”或副词“迟，晚”，后者为副词“后来”.“一段时间＋later”表示这段时间之后.
7．(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams._____ _______________
However→Therefore　解析：上下文是因果关系，应用表示因果关系的副词.且句中有逗号与后面的句子分开，所以应用therefore.
8．(2017·合肥第一次质量检测)I had a great English teacher, Maggie. She let me know the importance of English. So I decided to learn English hardly.____________________
hardly→hard　解析：考查副词.句意：因此我决定努力学习英语.hard意为“努力地”，hardly意为“几乎不”.根据句意可知，应用hard.
通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读
1．before, ago
(1)ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起.
(2)before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起.
2．late, later
(1)late adj.迟到的；adv.迟，晚
(2)later (也是late的比较级) adj.后来的，以后的 adv.后来，以后
3．however, therefore
(1)however：副词，表示转折.
(2)therefore：副词，表示因果关系.
4．常见的易用错的形容词和副词
(1)以­ly结尾的形容词.如：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等.
(2)意义有别的同根副词.如：accessible是什么意思英语
close靠近(通常指距离)        closely密切地，仔细地
hard努力地，费力地      hardly几乎不
most最，(程度上)最大，非常      mostly一般地，主要地
(3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式，以－ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义.如：
wide宽地，widely广泛地，如：be widely known被广泛了解
high高地，highly高度地，如：think highly of评价高
deep深地，deeply深深地，如：be deeply moved被深深感动
5．－ed型形容词和－ing型形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(－ing)，还是“感到……”(－ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(－ing)还是感受(－ed).
        构词知识记端详
示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用
1．(2017·浙江宁波十校联考)So his mother, who was ____________(will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.
unwilling　解析：根据后面的“brought him home to look after the sheep”可知，此处表示“不愿意的”，故填unwilling.
2．(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ____________(relax) experiences of my life.

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