精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义
学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数：3 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： | |||||||||||||||||||
授课类型 | C专题-翻译考情考点解读 | C专题-翻译易错题梳理 | T能力-四字成语 | ||||||||||||||||
授课日期及时段 | |||||||||||||||||||
教学内容 | |||||||||||||||||||
一、专题知识梳理 知识点1： 考情分析 翻译是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中的汉译英多为简单句或简单的复合句，所考核的词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。2014高考英语翻译题分值由20分增加到22分，其重要性可见一斑。 知识点2：考查重难点 词汇短语：高中教材中的常用词汇和短语 句型结构：⑴状语从句和名词性从句 ⑵定语从句 ⑶特殊句式考查强调句或倒装句 知识点3：真题考点梳理
知识点4：真题考点解读 a.非谓语动词 ⑴ 看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn) Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV down. (09) ⑵ 舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate) My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th birthday. (13) b.定语从句 ⑴ 在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new (type of) electronic toys (which/ that) children were looking forward to. (12) ⑵ 演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar) The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties. (13) c.状语从句 ⑴ 自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (No longer) No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education. (11) ⑵ 她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。 (No sooner) No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species accessible是什么意思英语than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization. (13) d.形容词比较级 ⑴ 我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（as…as） I think your advice is as valuable as theirs. （09） ⑵ 经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as) After years of / years’ construction, the little town is now as lively as it was before the earthquake / it used to be before the earthquake. （13） 二、专题过关 1、她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play) （12年高考） 2、由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing) （12年高考） 3、你为什么不在网上订票? (Why) （11年高考） 4、我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。(mistake) （11年高考） 5、对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。 (compare) （11年高考） 6、这本杂志花了我20多元。（cost） （10年高考） 7、雨天我总是比平时起得晚。（than） （10年高考） 8、网球运动在上海越来越流行了。（popular）（09年高考） 9、我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（as…as）（09年高考） 10、只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep）（09年高考） 答案： 1、She began to play the violin five years ago. 2、Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 3、Why not / Why don’t you book tickets online / reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet? 4、I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar / very much alike. 5、As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children’s physical and mental health. 6、This magazine cost/costs me more than 20 yuan. 7、I always get up later than usual on rainy days. 8、Tennis is getting more and more popular in Shanghai. 9、I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs. 10、Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night. 三．学法提炼 1、学会在真题中总结重要考点，对于平时的练习会起到事半功倍的指导作用。 2、从“核心词用法、句子主干和句型”三个方面对句子有个整体把握，避免逐字翻译引起的低级错误。 一. 专题知识梳理---翻译句型汇总 1. As is known ( to us all ), … = It is known (to us all) that … 2. It seems that sb./sth.… =sb./sth. seems to… It appears (to sb) that …=sb./sth. appears to… 3. It (so)happened that sb./sth.…=sb./sth. happened to… 4. There is/are…. There seems to be… There happened to be… There must have been… There is going to/will be… 5. Sth occurred to sb It (suddenly) occurred to sb that … It never occurred to sb that… = It didn’t occur to sb that… 6. It is said / reported that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is said / reported to do… It is believed that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is believed to do…… 7. It is no good / use doing … They think / consider / feel it no use / good doing It is likely that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is likely to do… It is possible / probable that sb./sth.… 8. It is hard to imagine /say / believe… It is no wonder that… 9. It takes sb. some time to do sth. Sb. takes some time to do sth. Sb. spends time/money doing sth / on sth 10. When/Whenever it comes to sb./sth/doing sth, … 11. It (still) remains a question whether …= Whether … remains a question. Whether … remains to be seen. Whether … ( or not ) mainly depends on … 12. It matters a lot / little whether/who/how… It doesn’t matter whether/who/how… What (really) matters (to sb) is … 13. You make it a rule to do / that… They make it possible / clear (for sb) to do / that … We find / feel / think / consider it +adj. / n. (for sb) to do / that… We think / consider / feel it a great honor to do sth 14. keep / bear sth in mind → keep / bear in mind that… 15. take sth. for granted take it for granted that … = It is taken for granted that… 16. see to sth. see to it that … = make sure that … 17. I would appreciate it (very much) if you could do sth. I would be grateful/thankful (to sb.) if you could do sth. 18. It won’t be long before … →It will be …before… It is / was the first / second time that … (现在完成时 / 过去完成时) 19. It is up to sb. to do sth. 20. It was+强调部分+ that … Sb. do / does / did +v. 21. not … until 直到……才…… →It is/was not until… that… →Not until… 22. The first time +从句 …= When… for the first time,… Every time / Each time …= Whenever… The moment / The instant / Directly… = As soon as… 一…… 就 23. no sooner … than / hardly … when I had no sooner left than she called. =No sooner had I left than she called. 24. n. / adj. / adv. + as / though + S + V 虽然…… 25. However / No matter how + adj. / adv. + S + V,… whatever / wherever / whenever / whichever / whoever / whomever / whether 26. The more … the more … 27. There is no / not much point in doing … There is no need (for sb) to do … There is no doubt that … There is no possibility of doing / that … There is no denying that … 28. Chances are that … 可能…… 29. since / now that 既然 30. It is / has been some time since … (过去式) 31. Those who… 32. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. 33. 倒装 ①全部倒装 ②部分倒装 Only +状语（短语/从句） 34. 祈使句，and / or +陈述句 35. not … but… 36. Word came that … 37. The reason why / for… was / is that ... 38. What impressed / struck us most was that… What matters (to sb.) is that… 39. With the development / improvement / rise / increase / advance / help of … 40. Contrary to one’s wish / expectation / what people (had) expected / thought 二．专题精讲 1. 进了大学我才意识到自己以前是多么依赖父母。（ Not..） 【主要考点】not until的用法 【正确答案】Not until I entered the university did I realize how much I had depended on my parents before. 【易错分析】学生容易忽视not until的特殊用法，not until有三种用法：1. not until的基本结构，即not主句+until+从句；2.not until在强调句中的运用，即it is/was not until+从句+that+主句；3.not until在倒装句中的运用，即Not until+从句+倒装的主句。根据这句话的结构应该用not until的倒装结构 【教学建议】老师可以请学生分析下not until的各种用法，然后再给学生讲解not until的用法区别，让学生理解这道题的解题方法的同时也巩固not until的其他用法。 2. 尽管社会发展了，我们还是很难要求同工同酬。（Despite） 【主要考点】despite的用法，以及同工同酬的英汉转换。 【正确答案】Despite the development of society, it is still difficult for us to demand equal pay for equal work. 【易错分析】学生容易在表达了despite的同时在后半句加上表示转折关系的词，与此同时，同工同酬的英语翻译也可能让学生易犯错。 【教学建议】老师可以请学生翻译一些类似于表示让步关系的句子，从而让学生更好地掌握这种类似的表达，同时老师可以适当地给学生拓展一些类似于同工同酬的英语表达。 3．那所私立学校规定学生不可以将手机带入校园，这令学生们感到郁闷。(it) 【主要考点】It的用法，以及非限制性定语从句 【正确答案】The private school made it a rule that mobiles phones mustn’t be taken to campus, which made students feel upset/depressed 【易错分析】学生可能在翻译私立学校规定学生。。。时不会想到在此处用The private school made it a rule that...，即用it作形式宾语，而后半句应用which引导非限制性定语从句，来代替前半句的内容。 【教学建议】老师可以拓展讲解it的用法，同时复习一下定语从句的部分知识，让学生熟练地掌握所学知识点。 4、很明显他不愿谈论那次经历。（reluctant） 【主要考点】It 作形式主语引导的从句及reluctant关键词的用法 【正确答案】It is obvious that he is reluctant to talk about the experience. 【易错分析】 学生不清楚 be reluctant to do 的用法及对于使用从句的意识不够强。 【教学建议】 梳理高考重点词汇的用法及翻译常用句型。 5、虽然我禁不住钦佩她的勇气，但是我并不赞同她解决问题的方式。（favor） 【主要考点】It 作形式主语引导的从句及favor关键词的用法 【正确答案】Although I couldn’t help admiring her courage, I was not in favour of the way she solved the problem. 【易错分析】 学生不清楚 be reluctant to do 的用法及对于使用从句的意识不够强。 【教学建议】 reluctant 可以使用谐音记忆“驴拉坦克”肯定是不情愿的。 6、由于缺乏经验，他未被那家公司录用。（employ） 【主要考点】动词时态，语态 【正确答案】For (a/the) lack of experience, he wasn’t employed by that company/firm. 【易错分析】学生易用现在时态；同时对于lack的词性及用法也是一个易错点 【教学建议】老师可让学生自己分析下自己的句子，看句子的时态，语态及连贯性如何，如果考生对于所给词的用法掌握的不全面，老师可以加以补充拓展。 7、如今，许多农村学生也能在校园里上网了。（access） 【主要考点】词组have access to 的搭配及用法 【正确答案】Nowadays, many students in rural areas/in the country can also gain/get/have access to the Internet. 【易错分析】很多学生以为这里access是作为动词的用法；还有就是have access to 后面可直接接名词，不需要加Ving. 【教学建议】除了该动词短语的用法，老师也可将其形容词accessible的意义及用法告知学生，并让学生使用be accessible to 这一短语来组合句子。 8、这是他第三次参观那个保存完好的历史遗址了。（preserve） 【主要考点】①高考常见句型It is the first/second/third…time that (现在完成时)的用法；②动词preserve在本句中的用法 【正确答案】This is the third time that he has visited the well-preserved historical site. 【易错分析】学生通常以为本句是发生过的，应该用过去式；同时对于保存完好的这一表达不能巧妙用well-preserved作为前置定语修饰中心词。 【教学建议】老师可以给学生梳理一下it作为形式主语构成的常考句型或句式的用法；让学生总结一下现在完成时出现的句式结构 9、我认为我们将所学的应用到实践中是很有必要的。 （apply） 【主要考点】①it作为形式宾语的用法；②动词短语apply to的用法 【正确答案】I consider it necessary/essential for us to apply what we have learned to practice. 【易错分析】句型I consider/believe/think/suppose…it +adj+to do, it 学生不仔细的话会在it后面添加is 【教学建议】关于it作为形式主语及形式宾语的句型给学生总结一下，并提醒孩子当it作为形式宾语且形容词为essential, necessary, important, possible等时后面的that从句要用虚拟语气 10、多和你的父母沟通吧，这样你们就能更好的理解对方。（communicate） 【主要考点】祈使句+and/or +句子的用法 【正确答案】Communicate with your parents more, and you will be able to understand each other better. 【易错分析】学生很容易用动名词作主语而造成后面句子不知如何衔接 【教学建议】多给学生总结一下该重点句型 三．专题过关 1.各阳伞给夏日的街头平添了活泼的气氛. ( add to ) 2.无论风多大、雨多急,警察一直坚守在岗位上. ( no matter… ) 3.医生挨家挨户上门巡访,省去了很多老年人去医院的麻烦. (save) 4.和园丁们一起工作让我们学到许多花卉的知识. (enable) 5.遇到困难的时候,我们需要的不是彼此的埋怨,而是互相帮助. (not…but…) 6.外出旅游的时候,务必注意保护环境,为他人着想. (sure) 7.这小孩太调皮了,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱. (So…) 8.物理课上,他没听懂王教授所讲的内容. (fail) 9.是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥,委员们意见不一. (agree) 10.我向她请教,她总是有求必应,而且解释得令我十分满意. (satisfaction) 答案： 1.Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets. 2. No matter how hard the wind blows and rain falls, the police keep to their posts. 3.Doctors' door-to-door visits save many old people's trouble of going to hospital. 4.Working with gardeners enables us to learn a lot of knowledge about flowers. 5.When we meet with difficulties, what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other. 6.Be sure to pay attention to protecting environment and think of others while traveling. 7.So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work. 8.In physics class, he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about. 9.The committee can't agree on whether to build another bridge over Huangpu River 10.Each time I ask her for advice, she is always ready to help me and explains to my full satisfaction. 四．学法提炼--夺分四部曲 1、依托核心词，搭建主干。 2、确定时态、语态和句型。 3、补充修饰成分，完成整句。 4、对照中文，检查细节。 一．能力培养 能力一： 常用四字成语翻译 挨家挨户：from door to door 爱不释手：can’t bear putting it down/leaving it aside 安于现状：be satisfied with reality/present situation 彼此埋怨：blame each other 不得而知：remain unknown 不辞而别：leave without saying good-bye 不可估量：beyond measure 不甚感激：appreciate it very much 一筹莫展/不知所措：at a loss 彻夜未眠：be awake all night 催人泪下：people are moved to tears 寸步难行：can do nothing without…. 大为惊叹：be greatly amazed/impressed 毫不费力：have no difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth 毫无疑问/勿庸置疑：there is no doubt that … 后悔莫及：regret doing 加强合作：strengthen/enhance one’s cooperation 坚守岗位: keep to one’s post 困难重重：have great difficulty in doing sth 屡见不鲜：appear so frequently 旗鼓相当/势均力敌：be equal to sb. in sth. 齐心协力：with combined efforts/work cooperatively/work with joint efforts 千载难逢：a rare/golden chance 三言两语：in a few words 受用一生：sb. benefit from sth/sth benefit sb. All your life 一无所知：be ignorant of 引人入胜：attractive 有求必应：be always ready to help 与世隔绝：be isolated from the outside world 志同道合：have a common goal/similar ideals and beliefs 纯属偶然：by chance 合情合理：fair and reasonable 不遗余力：spare no effort 若无其事：as if nothing had happened 首屈一指：second to none 身临其境：feel on the scene 同甘共苦：share happiness and sorrows 无与伦比：beyond comparison 兴高采烈：be in high spirits 一事无成：accomplish/achieve nothing 振奋人心：inspire people with hope 团队精神：team spirit 话音刚落：stop talking 金科玉律: golden rule 搬弄是非: gossip about 重蹈覆辙: repeating the same mistakes 不谋而合: happen to 抢得先机: take the initiative 吹毛求疵: find fault with/be particular about 实况转播: a live broadcast 头脑灵活: have a quick mind 四面八方: in all directions 代代相传: pass on from generation to generation 面无表情: wear a blank look 每况愈下: go from bad to worse 问心无愧: have a good/clear conscience 问心有愧: have a bad/guilty conscience 赞不绝口: beyond all praises 赞赏有加: pay a compliment to sb. on sth. 斟词酌句: weigh one’s words 玩忽职守: neglect one’s duty 充耳不闻: turn a deaf ear to 视而不见: turn a blind eye to 充耳不闻/置若罔闻: turn a deaf ear to 能力二： 四字成语在句子中的运用 1. 令人难以置信，那家银行在光天化日之下遭到抢劫。(rob) 考点： 令人难以置信 It’s incredible / unbelievable that… 遭到抢劫be robbed 在光天化日之下in broad daylight It is incredible that the bank was robbed in broad daylight. 2. 那小女孩真是被惯得不像话，父母对她百依百顺。(spoil) 考点：被惯得不像话be terribly / badly spoiled 对某人百依百顺give sb whatever / everything he / she asks for The little girl is terribly spoiled by her parents and they always give her whatever she asks for. 3. 老师在毕业典礼上的一席话使学生们受益匪浅。(benefit) 考点：在毕业典礼上at the graduating ceremony 老师的一席话what the teacher said 使学生们受益匪浅benefit the students a lot What the teachers said at the graduating ceremony benefited the students a lot. The students benefited a lot from what the teachers said at the graduating ceremony. 4. 他梦想有朝一日能亲眼看到海上日出。(dream) 考点：有朝一日some day / one day 梦想能亲眼看到海上日出dream of seeing the sun rising above the sea with one’s own eyes He dreams of seeing the sun rising above the sea with his own eyes some day / one day. 5. 阅读习惯因人而异。(vary) Reading habits vary from person to person. 6. 他们两兴趣相投，但思维方式却大相径庭。(differ) 考点：兴趣相投share the same interest 大相径庭 totally differ in sth 思维方式way of thinking They share the same interest but totally differ in ways of thinking. 7. 缺乏合作使他们错失良机。(cost) 考点：使他们错失良机cost them a good opportunity 缺乏合作lack of cooperation Lack of cooperation cost them a good opportunity. 8. 他忍受不了与喋喋不休的人合作。(stand) 考点：忍受不了与某人合作can’t stand cooperating with sb 喋喋不休的人those who never stop chatting/ talking those who chat / talk without stop He can’t stand cooperating with those who never stop chatting / talking. 9. 树大招风。(the more) The bigger the tree is, the more wind it will catch. 10. 是向老师承认错误还是掩盖事实，他举棋不定。(decision) 考点：向老师承认错误 admit his mistakes to his teacher/confess his mistakes to his teacher 掩盖事实hide / conceal the facts 举棋不定can’t make a decision whether to do sth He can’t make a decision whether to admit his mistakes to his teacher or to hide the facts. 二．能力检测 1. 应该教会孩子自力更生。（own） 2. 碰到这种情况，你按下任何键都无济于事。(situation) 3. 由于轻敌，他莫名其妙输给了对手。(reason) 4. 你听过王子对农家女一见钟情的故事吗？(sight) 5. 轮到她作自我介绍时，她紧张得不知所措。(turn) 6. 同学们在班会课上各抒己见，提出了许多节约资源的建议。(advice) 7. 这部国产喜剧老少皆宜。(appeal) 8. 她不负众望，在演讲比赛中夺得第一名。(come) 9. 既然她不愿意和你们去远足，就不要强人所难了。(join) 10. 在如何处理废旧电池问题上我们俩的观点不谋而合。(happen) 答案： 1、Children should be taught to live on their own. 2、In such a situation, it’s no use your pressing any key. 3、Taking his opponent lightly, he lost for unknown reason. 4、Have you heard about a story that a prince falls in love with a country girl? 5、When it was her turn to introduce herself, she was so nervous that she was at a loss. 6、At the class meeting all the classmates expressed their own opinions and gave much advice about saving resources. 7、The domestic comedy appeals to everyone, old or young. 8、She lived up to everyone’s expectation and came out first in the speech contest. 9、Since she is not willing to join you in hiking, you’d better not force her. 10、We both happened to hold the same opinion about how to deal with the used batteries. 三、学法提升—高分三原则 1、信：清晰准确（从整体上把握句子结构，抓住主谓宾） e.g. 是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥,委员们意见不一。 (agree) （06年春考） The committee can't agree on whether to build another bridge over Huangpu River. 【解析】要先从整体上分析句子结构，到主语是“委员们”，因此“是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥”是宾语从句，很多同学会错当成主语从句。 2、达：通畅明白（避免生涩翻译，用简单的词和短语） e.g. 我发现很难和那些固执己见的人合作。 (…it…) （04年高考） I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 【解析】“固执己见”stubborn这个词不易想到，而且容易拼错，可以用“always stick to one’s opinion”替代。 3、雅：简明优雅（避免从句繁复，多使用形容词、介词短语或分词结构） e.g. 这款手机的式样新颖，携带方便，深受年轻人的欢迎。 (popular) （05年高考） The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with the young people. 【解析】“款式新颖，携带方便”不用翻译成“whose style is fashionable and it is convenient to carry”，这样会显得从句繁复；可以直接替代为“fashionable in style and convenient to carry”简洁明了。 课后作业 1.今天下午我没空,我和牙医有约. (appointment) 2.你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式,不然就要迟到了. (or) 3.这款手机的式样新颖,携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎. (popular) 4.他进公司不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务,同事们对他刮目相看. (so) 5.虽然不富裕,但是他对自己的生活相当满意. (Although) 6.在叔叔的帮助下,Tom写成了一首动人的诗. (succeed) 7.由于准备充分,他在面试中一点也不紧张. (not…at all) 8.只要我们齐心协力,就能很快解决这个技术问题. (technical) 9.上周由于我生病,我缺了一些课,但是我会努力赶上大家的. (miss) 10.这个游戏的规则太复杂,三言两语解释不清楚. (too…to…) 答案： 1. I'm not free this afternoon, because I have an appointment with my dentist. 2. You'd better go to the opening ceremony of film festival by taxi, or you will be late. 3. The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with the young people. 4. He finished a difficult task on his own soon after he entered the company so his colleagues looked at him differently. 5. Although he is not rich, he is fairly satisfied with his life. 6. Tom succeeded in writing a moving poem with the help of his uncle. 7. Because he was well-prepared, he didn't feel nervous at all in the interview. 8. As long as we work cooperatively, we will soon solve the technical problem. 9. Because of my illness, I missed some lessons last week, but I'll try my best to catch up with others. 10.The rules of the game are too complicated to explain in a few words. | |||||||||||||||||||
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