上海市虹⼝区2020届⾼三⼀模考试英语试题（解析版）
上海市虹⼝区2020届⾼三⼀模考试
英语试题
Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Innovations that will change the classroom
American schools are going high - tech. Many symbols we still associate with classrooms and learning, like chalkboards, pens, notebooks - even classrooms ___1___ --- are quickly becoming outdated.
As this week marks The Huffington Post’s 10th anniversary, we’ll take a look at some products that ___2
___ (introduce) to classroom in the past decade and have the potential to change the educational landscape in the years ___3___ (come).
1. Remote Learning
Some schools are cutting down on snow days, thanks to technology. Rather than giving kids the day off ___4___ weather conditions are too dangerous for commuting, these schools are asking students to follow classroom lessons online. Although kids ___5___ (hope) for a snow day may not particularly appreciate these advancements in digital learning, online lessons allow these kids to complete their coursework and still interact with peers. Some students with medical conditions
___6___ “go” to school via video conferencing or even with the help of robots enabled with video chat that they can control remotely.
2. eBooks
accessible是什么意思英语Discovery Education has been replacing traditional textbooks with original “techbooks” for six years. These “techbooks” can also be switched to Spanish or French, Kinney said, ___7___ allows some parents who don’t speak English to help their kids with their homework.
3. Educational Games
In-class gaming options have evolved to include more educational options. GlassLab creates educational games that are now being used in more than 6,000 classrooms across the country. Teachers get real-time updates on students’ progress as well as suggestions on ___8___ subjects they need to spend more time perfecting.
The Internet and other digital tools have some drawbacks. They’re often distracting, ___9___ most developments have exciting implications for the future. Over the last 10 years, technological innovations have made education more interactive, immediate and ___10___ (personalize), -- and have shown us the potential for more accessible and effective classrooms.
『答案』1. themselves 2. have been introduced 3. to come 4. when / if
5. hoping
6. can
7. which
8. what
9. but 10. personalized
『语篇解读』
本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂，介绍了过去⼗年间⼀些改变课堂的创新。
『1题详解』
考查代词。句意：美国的学校正在向⾼科技发展，许多我们仍然与教室和学习联系在⼀起的符号，如⿊板、笔、笔记本——甚
⾄教室本⾝——正在迅速过时。根据句意可知此处指“它们⾃⼰”，⽤反⾝代词，故填themselves。
『2题详解』
考查时态语态。句意：我们来看看过去⼗年中引⼊课堂的⼀些产品，这些产品有可能在未来⼏年改变教育格局。根据时间状
语“in the past decade”可知此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，⽤现在完成时，that 在定语从句中指代先⾏词some products，与introduce之间是被动关系，所以⽤现在完成时的被动语态，some products是复数，谓语动词也⽤复数形式，故填have been introduced。
『3题详解』
考查be to do结构。句意同上。be to do表将来，表⽰“按计划或安排要做或发⽣的事”，故填to come。
『4题详解』
考查时间/条件状语从句。句意：由于技术的发展，⼀些学校在雪天减少了教学，如果/当天⽓状况对上下班来说太危险，这些学校不会给孩⼦放⼀天假，⽽是要求上学习课堂课程。根据句意可知本句可以⽤if引导条件状语从句，表⽰“如果”，也可以⽤when引导时间状语从句，表⽰“当……的时候”，故填when / if。
『5题详解』
考查⾮谓语动词。句意：尽管希望雪天到来的孩⼦可能并不特别欣赏数字化学习的这些进步，但在线课程允许这些孩⼦完成他们的课程，并且仍然与同龄⼈互动。kids与hope之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表⽰主动，⽤现在分词做后置定语，故填hoping。
『6题详解』
考查情态动词。句意：⼀些有健康问题的学⽣可以通过视频甚⾄远程控制的视频聊天机器⼈来上学。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据句意可知此处表⽰“能、可以”，故填can。
『7题详解』
考查⾮限定性定语从句。句意：Kinney说，这些科技书籍也可以转换成西班⽛语或法语，这使得⼀些不会说英语的家长可以帮助孩⼦做作业。此处为⾮限定性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中做主语，故填which。
『8题详解』
考查宾语从句。句意：教师可以实时了解学⽣的进步情况，并对他们需要花更多时间完善哪些课程提出建议。此处为宾语从句，从句中的perfecting缺少宾语，故填what。
『9题详解』
考查连词。句意：它们往往会分散注意⼒，但⼤多数发展对未来都有令⼈兴奋的影响。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。
『10题详解』
考查形容词。句意：在过去的10年⾥，技术创新使教育更加互动、即时和个性化，并向我们展⽰了更⽅便和有效的教室的潜⼒。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，此处⽤形容词与前⾯的more interactive和immediate并列做宾补，故填personalized。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
How do Cigarettes Affect the Body?
Cigarettes aren’t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what
happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit ___11___ when we finally give up smoking.
Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the ___12___ of infections as well as long - lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair - like tissues which keep the airways clean. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss
and ___13___ of breath.
Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the ___14___ sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to ___15___ of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.
Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous ___16___ in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and ___17___ bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.
But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost ___18___ and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates ___19___. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.
There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually ___20___. Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette -free. That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.
『答案』11. G 12. C 13. I 14. A 15. E 16. B 17. K 18. F
19. J 20. H
『语篇解读』
本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂，介绍了吸烟是如何影响我们的健康的。
『11题详解』
考查副词。句意：让我们看看当它们的成分进⼊我们⾝体时会发⽣什么，以及当我们最终戒
烟时，我们是如何从⾝体上受益的。修饰动词benefit⽤副词，根据“when we finally give up smoking.”可知此处表⽰“在⾝体上”，故填G。
『12题详解』
考查名词。句意：在呼吸道和肺部，烟雾增加了感染和长期疾病的可能性。做动词increases 的宾语⽤名词，根据“of infections as well as long - lasting diseases.”可知此处表⽰“可能性”，故填C。
『13题详解』
考查名词。句意：这就是吸烟导致缺氧和呼吸急促的原因之⼀。做动词短语lead to的宾语⽤名词，根据“oxygen loss”可知此处表⽰“呼吸急促”，shortness of breath表⽰“呼吸急促”，故填I。
『14题详解』
考查形容词。句意：在⼤约10秒钟内，⾎液中携带⼀种叫做尼古丁的兴奋剂进⼊⼤脑，产⽣令⼈愉悦的感觉，使吸烟⾮常上瘾。修饰名词sensations⽤形容词，根据“which make smoking highly addictive”可知此处表⽰“令⼈愉悦的”，故填A。
『15题详解』
考查名词。句意：这些对⾎管的影响会导致⾎管壁增厚，增加⼼脏病发作和中风的可能性。做动词短语lead to的宾语⽤名词，根据“of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.”可知此处表⽰“增厚”，故填E。
『16题详解』
考查名词。句意：⾹烟中的许多化学物质会激活⼈体DNA的危险变化，从⽽导致癌症的形成。做动词activate的宾语⽤名词，根据“in the body’s DNA that make cancers form”可知此处表⽰“变化”，故填B。
『17题详解』
考查⾮谓语动词。句意：吸烟会导致多种组织和器官的癌症，以及视⼒受损和⾻骼衰弱。分析句⼦结构并结合句意可知此处需要⽤⾮谓语动词做定语修饰名词bones，根据“damaged eyesight”可知此处表⽰“削弱的”，bones与weaken之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表⽰被动，⽤过去分词做定语，故填K。
18题详解』
考查形容词。句意：但对于那些戒烟的⼈来说，这是⼀个巨⼤的、积极的⽅⾯，⼏乎可以⽴竿见影地长期受益。修饰名词physical benefits⽤形容词，根据空后说的戒烟⼀天后⾎压和
⼼率开始恢复正常可知此处表⽰“⽴即的”，故填F。
『19题详解』
考查动词。句意：戒烟⼀天后，随着⾎压和⼼率恢复正常，⼼脏病发作的风险开始降低。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“heart attack risk begins to decrease”可知此处表⽰“恢复正常”，故填J。
『20题详解』
考查形容词。句意：但幸运的是，这种影响通常是暂时的。此处缺少形容词做表语，空前说戒烟会导致焦虑和抑郁，再根
据“But fortunately”可知此处表⽰“暂时的”，故填H。
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
www.doczj/doc/298005d8aa956bec0975f46527d3240c8547a142.html Inc. is checking out of China’s fiercely competitive domestic e-commerce market. The company told sellers on Thursday that it would no longer ___21___ its third -party online marketplace or provide seller services on its Chinese website,
www.doczj/doc/298005d8aa956bec0975f46527d3240c8547a142.html .
____22____,domestic companies will no longer be able to sell products to Chinese consumers on its e-commerce platform.
The decision marks an end to a long ____23____ by America’s e-commerce giants in the Chinese market. The firms entered the Chinese market with great attention in the early 2000s, only to ____24____ in the face of competition from China’s faster -moving Internet giants.
Amazon has been in talks to ____25____ its e-commerce business for goods imported into China with a Chinese competitor, NetEase Inc.’s Kaola, in a stock - for - stock transaction（交易）, according to a person familiar with the matter. That would remove the Amazon name from ____26____ e-commerce in China. Neither company would confirm the progress or details of those ____27____, nor would they say if they are continuing.
In a written statement, Amazon said it remained ____28____ to China through its global stores, Kindle businesses and web services. Amazon China’s president would leave to take on another role within the company, the company said. The China consumer - business team will report ____29____ to the company’s global team.
When Amazon first entered China in 2004 with the ____30____ of
www.doczj/doc/298005d8aa956bec0975f46527d3240c8547a142.html , it was the
largest online seller for books, music and video there. Most Chinese consumers were using cash - on - delivery as their to form of ____31____. Today, Amazon China chiefly caters to customers looking for imported international goods such as cosmetics and milk powder and is a(n)
____32____ player in the booming Chinese e-commerce market.
Amazon China commanded just 6% of gross market volume in the niche（细分的）cross - border e-commerce market in the fourth quarter of 2018, versus NetEase Kaola’s 25% . ____33____ and the 32% held by Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.’s Tmall International Chinese consumers are becoming more fascinated with ____34____ brands. In 2011, 85% of Chinese consumers said they would always buy a foreign brand over a domestic one. By 2016, 60% of respondents said they preferred domestic over foreign brands. Shaun Rein, China Market research’s founder, said American e-commerce giants
____35____ obstacles in China because they didn’t offered the products or user experience that consumers were looking for.
21. A. assist B. expand C. operate D. tailor
22. A. As a result B. By contrast C. For example D. In addition
23. A. criticism B. negotiation C. struggle D. resolution
24. A. interact B. withdraw C. split D. survive
25 A. associate B. combine C. exchange D. supply
26. A. time - consuming B. long - suffering C. ever – lasting D. consumer - facing
27. A. talks B. businesses C. competitions D. instructions
28. A. related B. accustomed C. exposed D. committed
29. A. automatically B. directly C. regularly D. secretly
30. A. breakdown B. improvement C. purchase D. participation
31. A. refund B. payment C. sponsorship D. trade
32. A. complicated B. critical C. original D. insignificant
33. A. share B. budget C. volume D. maximum
34. A. foreign B. luxurious C. domestic D. fashionable
35. A. dealt with B. forgot about C. got through D. came across
『答案』21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D
『语篇解读』
本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂，介绍了美国电⼦商务巨头亚马逊在蓬勃发展的中国电⼦商务市场上吃瘪，决定退出竞争激烈的中国市场。
『21题详解』
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司周四告诉卖家，将不再运营其第三⽅在线市场，也不再在其中国⽹站
www.doczj/doc/298005d8aa956bec0975f46527d3240c8547a142.html 上提供卖家服务。A. assist援助；B. expand 扩张；C. operate运营、操作；D. tailor订做。空前说亚马逊正在退出竞争激烈的中国市场，因此它告诉卖家将不再运营第三⽅在线市场，故C项正确。
『22题详解』
考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，国内企业将⽆法再通过其电⼦商务平台向中国消费者销售产品。A. As a result因此；B. By contrast相⽐之下；C. For example例如；D. In addition此外。由于亚马逊宣布不再运营其第三⽅在线市场，也不再在其中国⽹站www.doczj/doc/298005d8aa956bec0975f46527d3240c8547a142.html 上提供卖家服务，因此国内企业将⽆法再通过其电⼦商务平台向中国消费者销售产品，故A项正确。『23题详解』
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这⼀决定标志着美国电⼦商务巨头在中国市场长期⽃争的结束。
A. criticism批评；
B. negotiation谈判；
C. struggle⽃争；
D. resolution解决。亚马逊退出竞争激烈的中国市场⾃然是标志着它在中国市场长期⽃争的结束，故C项正确。
『24题详解』
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些公司在21世纪初以极⼤的关注进⼊中国市场，但在⾯对中国⾏动迅猛的互联⽹巨头的竞争时却退出了（败下阵来）。A. interact相互作⽤；B. withdraw 退出；C. split离开；D. survive幸存。上⽂说亚马逊正在退出竞争激烈的中国市场，因此此处指“退出”，故B项正确。
『25题详解』
考查动词词义辨析。句意：据⼀位知情⼈⼠透露，亚马逊⼀直在与中国竞争对⼿⽹易旗下的考拉海购进⾏商谈，希望将其进⼝中国商品的电⼦商务业务与之合并，进⾏以股换股交易。
A. associate联系；
B. combine联合、合并；
C. exchange交换；
D. supply供应。根据空后的“its e-commerce business for goods imported into China with a Chinese competitor, NetEase Inc.’s Kaola, in a stock - for - stock transaction”可知，亚马逊与竞争对⼿⽹易旗下的考拉海购进⾏商谈，希望将其进⼝中国商

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