第二次作业
姓名：张爱萍    学号：2010508188
1.翻译：
● As you are reading the materials that we’ve gathered together for this course, you are assimilating information. What you’ve just read is information that you will keep in short term memory until you decide if it is worth keeping for a longer time. Regardless of how you keep it, we will keep it available for you to return to later or for future students to read and assimilated at a later a date. We’ve made arrangements in a computer system to organize and store our information so that it is available for later use. This isn’t always the case with information, though. Not everything is stored online, and, even if it is stored online, there is no guarantee that the information that you see today will still be there next week, and there is no guarantee that the material will be organized in a logical manner that will facilitate your finding it again.
Wow! Information sure is difficult to deal with, isn’t it?
Well, let’s not worry about how difficult it is to deal with information storage and retrieval at this stage of the game. Right now, let’s just look at what information is and how libraries and solid research skills help you get the information you need.
当你正在读我们为本课程搜集的材料的时候，你就在吸收信息。你刚才所读的这些信息在你决定它是否值得被记忆长时间前，在你的脑海里将会有短暂的停留。不管在你脑海里停留多长时间，我们搜集的资料都可以用于你后续再次阅读或供未来的学生在以后的某个时间阅读和吸收。我们已经开发了一个计算机系统来帮助我们组织和存储我们的信息以便以后使用。然而，并不是所有的信息做了以上工作后都可以即查即得。并不是所有的信息都是联机存储的，即便联机存储，依然不能保证你今天看到的信息下个星期再看它还在那，而且也不能确保信息将会按便于你下次查的逻辑方式来组织。
唉！信息的确难以驾驭，不是吗？
好了，我们没必要担心信息的查询和存储有多么难把握。现在，我们还是来关注图书馆和可靠的查询方式是如何帮助我们获得需要的信息的吧。
● The problem for most researchers is not that the information doesn’t exist in a library or in a journal or in a magazine or in a motion picture, but that they have yet to discover the organizing principles that are designed to help them find the information they need.
对于大多数研究者而言他们所关心的问题不是这些图书馆、期刊杂志、电影或图片中有没有他们所需要的信息，而是他们有待于到设计好的组织原则来帮助他们查询所需要的信息。
● People, experts in their fields, have taken the time and trouble to organize access to all the stored information that they can get their hands on in order to make it searchable and accessible to other people.
在这个领域的专家不辞劳苦地利用他们手边存储的这些信息，组织成便于人们更好地查询和存取的方式。
2.  n. 取回,恢复,修补;检索                          retrieval
n. 机械装置,机构,机制                          mechanism
accessible是什么意思英语adj. 特有的,表示特性的,典型的                  characteristic
n. 分类,分级                                  classification
n. 风格,方式,样式,习惯                          manner
n. 文件,公文                                  document
vt. 解释,说明                                  interpret
vt. 使自动化,自动操作                          automate
n. 分类                                        assortment
n. 法则,原则,原理                              principle
n. 排列,安排                                  arrangement
n. &vt.. 访问,存取                              access
n. 浏览器,浏览书本的人                        browser
n. 目录                                        catalog
n. 索引                                        index
n. 材料,原料,物资,素材                          material
n. 媒体,介质                                  media
n. 安排,配置,计划                              scheme
4. Applications of fundamental topics of information theory include lossless data ZIP files), lossy data compression(e.g.MP3s), and channel for DSL lines). The field is at the crossroads of mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics, neurobiology, and electrica engineering. Its impact has been crucial to the success of the Voyager missions to deep space, invention of the CD, feasibility of mobile phones, development of the Iternet, study of linguistics and of human perception, understanding of black holes, and numerous other fields. Important sub-fields of information theory are source coding, channel coding, algorithmic complexity theory, algorithmic in formation theory and measures of information.

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