完形填空专项 一、复习思路 1.梳理完形填空的技巧方法 2.扩充词汇运用 二、复习要点 完型填空题的特点 完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。 完型填空解题步骤 1 -通览----速度全文，把握大意 快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。 2 -试填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后 先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。 3 -复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确 试填后，要把全文再通读一遍 ，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应 完型填空高频词汇
完型填空解题技巧 解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。 首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 ①If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. 51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise ②Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__. 51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language 解题思路二：顺应文意, 定位选词。 做题时, 要充分利用上下文, 到有提示作用的词。这些词可以是同义词、近义词或反义词, 也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。 ①Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51 one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. 51.A. positive B. opposite C. same D. wrong ②More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and ___52___ could provide information for later generations.
③The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it __51__ our kids. 51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits 解题思路三：注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 ① The department for Education and Skills wants to 60 teaching of modem foreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the future. Primary school children will get greater 61 to foreign language learning. 60. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. offer 61. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach 解析：教育与技术部门将来打算在教育更早阶段提供外语教学，所以60选D。61题考查固定搭配access to的用法，学生需要总结相关access的搭配，have access to 或者offer access to，to是介词。 ②That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to __62__ team spirit. 62. A. build up B. put down C. take over D. make out ③A __60__ of people now believe – incorrectly – that global warming is not even caused by humans. 60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd 解题思路四：注意同形词的辨析。 ①Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations（波动）in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information are some of the ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different__51___ for international visitors than it was earlier in the 21st century. 51. A.experiment B. examination C. experience D. excursion ②A traveler from a country__60__ in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(ESTA), an online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boards a flight, whether the traveler is___61___to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel poses any law implementation or security risks. 60.A.persevering B. previewing C. participating D. promoting 61.A.accessible B. acceptable C. available D. adaptable 解题思路五：根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。 ①EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too __63__ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would __64__ them. 63. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of 64. A. amuse B. inform C. remind D. embarrass 解题思路六: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。 1. 在完形填空中, 某一词语通常重复出现, 使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯, 从而构成一个完整的意义整体。 ①First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to ______ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 2. 同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。 1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如： school---primary school—middle school—college—university students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates 2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如： school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed 3） 形容词同现; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如： 在学校这个语境中： （key）school—（optional）course—（compulsory）course 4）结构同现: 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如： ①some…,others; on one hand…,on the other hand; former…,latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…; I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion ② The 60 Knows …….Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. 60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand 解题思路七：仔细分析长难句。出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。 ①In today’s American society, high school dropout has day by day grown into a big problem threatening social and economic stability, as many cases of family ___51___ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout are grabbing headlines in media. 51.A. objections B. conflicts C. establishments D. happiness 答案： B。 长难句分析， 第一层是as 引导的原因状语从句，主句是school dropout has grown into a big problem. 后面紧跟 动名词做定语。 As 从句中 caused 过去分词作后置定语。在进行句子分析时，一定注意把定语等出来。 ②In many countries, the language of education is not the same as the language of the home for 53 the majority of children . Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of the elementary (primary) school population. 54 While in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire the language of instruction, in most countries where there are large numbers of young learners, there is a ___55___ awareness of their special needs. 55. A. reducing B. watching C. growing D. slipping 解析： 55题根据前文可以推断出选C. growing 表示提高的意识。可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析：首先是while 引导的让步状语从句。 在while 从句中运用了help sb do sth 的结构。 在主句中，where 引导的定语从句，先行词是countries. 解题思路八：仔细推敲, 注重逻辑。 做完完形填空题后,要根据所选答案迅速地把文章完整地读一遍, 看语法、惯用法对不对;看是否符合上下文的逻辑; 看是否符合故事情节的发展,以便更正可能的错误选择。一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词： 1. 递进 in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, to make matters worse, to make things worse , worse still 2.比较 in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对照 in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while 4.因果 because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus 5.强调 certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially，in particular, absolutely 6.让步 although, though, after all, in spite of 7.举例 for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 时间和空间 afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 总结 to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary 表示转折关系： 例1： (浦东新区2014年二模) a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. ……. The traditional approach of trying to minimize construction costs, ___58___, can lead to higher energy bills and wasted materials. 58. A. in return B. for instance C. by contrast D. in general 答案解析：绿建筑比传统建筑少用30%的能源，与之形成对比的是，传统建筑会导致更高的能源成本及材料的浪费。所以选C，与上文形成转折对比。 例2：(普陀区2014年二模) The following numbers would be 55 for most of us to remember. 1492178919931848. But look at them in “ chunks”, and it becomes much easier. 1492 1789 1993 1848. 55. A. convenient B. impossible C. meaningful D. technical 答案解析：两句之间的But表明是转折关系，下文出现了“it becomes much easier”，所以此空要填的词与easier形成对比，即选B，impossible。 表示因果关系： 例1：(浦东新区2014年二模) ___51___ its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a conventional office building. 51. A. In place of B. Thanks to C. In spite of D. In addition to 答案解析：句意是“由于艺术性的设计及奇特的技术，环保建筑大楼比传统的办公大楼少消耗50%的能源”，所以此空可得出答案为B。 例2：(浦东新区2014年二模) a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than conventional buildings. So any additional building costs can be ___57___ quickly. 57. A. recovered B. gained C. counted D. valued 答案解析：句意是“绿建筑比传统建筑少用30%能源，所以增加的建筑成本可以很快回收。”提示词So,表明上下文为因果关系，所以选A. 表示并列关系： 例1：(浦东新区2014年二模) …… improve employee’s health and productivity, reduce legal liability, and ___56___ property values and rental returns. 56. A. involve B. enhance C. share D. show 答案解析：句意是“绿环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力，并且增加建筑的价值及租金回报”，根据and可看出此空是与前面的improve构成并列。四个选项中 ，只有B表示“增强或提高”，所以答案为B。 表示条件关系： 例1：(普陀区2014年二模) Life would be so much easier if we could remember things 51 . 51. A. effortlessly B. purposefully C. exactly D. carelessly 答案解析：句意是“生活将变的更容易，如果记忆不费力气。”所以选A。 表示解说关系： 例1：(普陀区2014年二模) there is nothing 61 about these methods----- they were around even in ancient times. 61. A. effective B. awful C. valuable D. new 答案解析：句意是“这些方法没有什么新颖之处---他们在古代就已经有了。”句中的破折号表示解释说明，所以选D。 例题及练习 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 52 that the customer remains a customer. 53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent. In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience). The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market. 50.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all 51.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe 52.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving 53.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing 54.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses 55.A. culture B. social C. financial D. Economical 56.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference 57.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget 58.as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary 59.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable 60.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest 61.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting 62.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected 63.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive 64.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient Keys：50—54. BCBDA 55—59. CDCAB 60—64. BCCDB 词汇整理： in particular 尤其特别 on the whole 整体而言 on the contrary相反地 regular customer 常客，老顾客（听力常考词） 2. 高频动词：emphasize, overlook, ensure, deny, assume, alter 3. 高频名词：taste(品味，审美)，expense, budget, profit, loyalty, share(股份) 4. 高频形容词：financial, economical(节俭的)，potential(n.潜力), agreeable, flexible, sensitive, unfair, essential, 特殊句型理解： 1. Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Only+时间状语，部分倒装。 2. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market. “it”做形式宾语，替代 “to enter a market or increase their share of a market.” 1.复习高频词组、词义辨析文档 2.完成以下练习 Harvard Library If we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, __51__, is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the library is an essential part of everybody’s life. Both the quantity and the __52__ of the library make study a pleasant process. Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard __53__ his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and __54__ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are __55__ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its __56__ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is the first library in the world that is __57__ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress. What __58__ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from to The main libraries are open until The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the __59__ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of __60__ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are __61__ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them. There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are __62__ in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the __63__ library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of __64__ which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) __65__ experience.
答案：51-65: BCADB ACDAB DCABD Education plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education? Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must _51__ society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationship between individuals. It is a group of individuals who __52_ a common system of customs，values and laws. From the definition of society，it is clear that we human beings are its building __53_. As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and __54_ patterns，we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest __55_ of education. Don’t you think so? We cannot __56 the impact of society on the educational system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the __57_ development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system，we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we __58_ take ‘non-formal ’ education from society. Yes，our interactions with our fellow-beings，our observations about their social behavior and our understanding of social norms __59_ us to face life. True, educational __60_, like schools，colleges, and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the __61_ process of learning begins at a point，which marks the end of institutional education. Learning， as an individual，from your interaction with society，is a vital part of education. Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the __62_ influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions __63 certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society，shatter the basic ideas of education and social awareness. Some social groups deny women ‘s right to education, while others force children to work，depriving（剥夺） them from a healthy environment，conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata（阶层）of society from progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it __64_ the purpose of education. Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who __65_ the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it. 51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze 52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice 53.A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses 54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral 55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent 56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict 57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall 58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly 59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose 60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organizations 61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available 62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible 63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent 64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes 65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal with 答案：BABDC DDCCD ABDCB Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. And yet, ___51___ all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the ___52___ from classroom to career world and have difficulty ___53___ life on the job. Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences—from childhood through university—are fairly ___54___, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, ___55___, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant ___56___ is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are ___57___ to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees “are often expected to think critically and make ___58___ about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.” Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively—skills that will prepare them to succeed in today’s workplace. Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to ___59___ on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly ___60___ with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee’s ___61___ not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork—and deal with problems when they arise—is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students don’t get quite ___62___ to in a school setting. How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some ___63___. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship (实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world. ___64___ this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the ___65___ of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful. 51. A. with regard to B. thanks to C. in spite of D. in view of 52. A. action B. shift C. routine D. variety 53. A. turning to B. reacting to C. adjusting to D. seeing to 54. A. predictable B. considerable C. accessible D. flexible 55. A. however B. in addition C. for example D. in return 56. A. change B. reminder C. prediction D. difficulty 57. A. encouraged B. unprepared C. entitled D. undetermined 58. A. predictions B. targets C. decisions D. inquiries 59. A. independence B. performance C. competition D. teamwork 60. A. argue B. bargain C. identify D. interact 61. A. success B. ambition C. completion D. purpose 62. A. attached B. exposed C. related D. addicted 63. A. patience B. advice C. expectation D. relief 64. A. Pairing B. Charging C. Involving D. Rewarding 65. A. availability B. possibilities C. invasion D. realities 51—55 CBCAC 56—60 ABCDD 61—65 ABBAD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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