declining birthrates
The Guardian view on declining birthrates: there may be trouble ahead
《卫报》对出⽣率下降问题的看法:未来可能要有⿇烦了
Europe's baby deficit is becoming impossible to ignore. According to latest figures, 2020 saw the lowest number of births recorded since Italian unification in 1861. Spain is ageing at a similar pace, as is much of eastern Europe.
欧洲的新⽣⼉数量已经跌到了不容忽视的地步。最新数据显⽰,2020 年意⼤利的出⽣⼈数创下了 1861 年国家统⼀以来的历史新低。西班⽛正以近似的速度⽼龄化,⼤部分东欧各国也是如此。
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Assuming current demographic trends continue, Eurostat has calculated that the number of European over-65s will have grown by over 40% by 2050. Fewer people will be in work paying taxes when their pension and care bills arrive.
根据欧洲统计局的计算,假设⼈⼝继续按照⽬前的趋势发展下去,那么到 2050 年,欧洲 65 岁以上的⼈
⼝数量将会增长 40% 以上。当这批⽼年⼈拿到他们的养⽼⾦和医疗帐单时,纳税的上班族将会变得更少。
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Even in Scandinavia, rightly held up as a model when it comes to parental leave and accessible childcare, alarm bells are ringing. The Norwegian prime minister, Erna Solberg, has warned that one of Europe's best-funded welfare states could only be
socially and economically sustainable if people had more children.
即便是在斯堪的纳维亚——该地区在育⼉假和⼉童保育⽅⾯堪称模范——(⼈⼝危机的)警钟也在敲响。挪威⾸相埃尔娜·索尔贝格曾警告称,只有⼈们⽣育更多的孩⼦,挪威这个资⾦最雄厚的欧洲福利国家之⼀才能保持社会、经济的可持续发展。
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For many under-35s, a combination of debt, stagnant wages and insecure work make starting a family seem like a risk, rather than a natural step. In Britain especially, for the millions of private renters unable to get on the housing ladder, a lack of
assets compounds the problem.
对于许多 35 岁以下的⼈来说,负债、⼯资常年不变,再加上⼯作不稳定,这⼀系列因素让⽣孩⼦这件事情看起来不像是⼀个⾃然步骤,⽽更像是⼀种冒险。特别是在英国,数以百万计的个体租客买不起房⼦,资产缺失让这⼀问题难上加难。
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At the beginning of the pandemic, it was speculated that the confinement of lockdown would lead to a Covid baby boom.
Amid acute anxiety about the future, the opposite occurred.
新冠⼤流⾏初期,有⼈推测说封锁隔离可能会导致疫情期间出现⽣育⾼峰。(⼈们处于)对未来的极度焦虑中,相反的情况发⽣了。
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Birthrates tend to tick upwards during good times, not bad ones. A vaccine bounce in reopening economies may confirm that rule of thumb in the short term. But there is no escaping the underlying pre-Covid reality that too few babies are being
born.*** Without a new deal for young would-be parents, a demographic crisis looms.
出⽣率往往会在经济繁荣时出现缓慢增长,经济不景⽓时则不会。在重新开放的经济体中,“疫苗红利”也许会在短期内证实这⼀经验法则。但是我们⽆法逃避⼀个潜在的事实——在疫情之前,出⽣的婴⼉太少了。如果年轻的准⽗母们得不到新的解决⽅案,那么⼈⼝危机将迫在眉睫。
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主编:Amy
品控:Raven
审核:夏天
重点词汇
deficit
/ˈdef.ə.sɪt/
n. 缺少,不⾜;⾚字,亏损
搭配短语:a deficit in food supply(不⾜)
搭配短语:a budget deficit(⾚字)
demographic
/ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪk/
adj. ⼈⼝的,⼈⼝统计的
相关词汇:demography(n. ⼈⼝学,⼈⼝统计学)
词根词缀:demo-(源⾃希腊语中的 demos,表⽰“与⼈相关的”)
词根词缀:-graphy(表⽰某种学科)
相关词汇:geography(n. 地理学)
词义辨析:demography,census
demography 是对⼈⼝特征、现象进⾏研究,⽽ census 是对⼀国的⼈⼝情况进⾏调查,意思是“⼈⼝普查”。搭配短语:demographic crisis
pension
/ˈpen.ʃən/
n. 养⽼⾦,退休⾦
搭配短语:draw / receive a pension
parental leave
/pəˌren.təl ˈliːv/
n. 育⼉假,亲⼦假
相关词汇:parental(adj. ⽗母的)
相关词汇:parent(n. ⽗母)
相关词汇:leave(n. 假期,休假;v. 离开)
搭配短语:annual leave
sustainable
/səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
adj. 可持续的,能长期保持的
相关词汇:sustain(v. 保持,维持)
近义词:maintain(v. 保持,维持)
英⽂释义:be able to continue for a long time
搭配短语:sustainable economic growth
stagnant
/ˈstæɡ.nənt/
adj. 停滞的,不发展的;(⽔或空⽓)不流动的,污浊的
搭配短语:to revive the stagnant economy
to start a family
⽣育第⼀个孩⼦
相关词汇:family(n. 孩⼦,⼦⼥;家庭)
英⽂释义:to have your first baby
例句:We're not ready to start a family yet.
compound
/kəmˈpaʊnd/
v. 使加重,使恶化
词性拓展:compound(n. 复合词)
拓展发⾳:/ˈkɑːm.paʊnd/
英⽂释义:to make a problem worse
例句:Limited health care resources compound the Covid crisis in India.
speculate
/ˈspek.jə.leɪt/
v. 猜测,推测
例句:At present scientists can only speculate on the life outside our solar system. confinement
/kənˈfaɪn.mənt/
n. 限制,禁闭
例句:Nelson Mandela was held in confinement for 27 years.
baby boom
/ˈbeɪ.bi ˌbuːm/
n. ⽣育⾼峰,婴⼉潮
相关词汇:boom(n. 繁荣,兴旺;流⾏,风靡)
相关短语:baby boomer
⽂化补充:baby boomer 在欧美国家特指出⽣于第⼆次世界⼤战后⽣育⾼峰期(1946 年到 1964 年)的⼈。acute
accessible的近义词/əˈkjuːt/
adj.(感觉)强烈的;(情况)严重的
搭配短语:an acute shortage of water((情况)严重的)
搭配短语:acute embarrassment((感觉)强烈的)
rule of thumb
经验法则
⽂化补充:“经验法则”指的是依据经验,⽽⾮准确测量得出的规律、法则,也叫“⼤拇指规则”。
underlying
/ˌʌn.dɚˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/
adj. 深层的,潜在的
拓展发⾳:/ˈʌn.dɚˌlaɪ.ɪŋ/
相关词汇:underlie(v. 是……的深层原因)
搭配短语:the underlying causes
would-be
/ˈwʊd.bi/
adj. 想要成为……的,未来的
搭配短语:a would-be actor
loom
/luːm/
v.(问题或困难)逼近,临近

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