专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷119 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.  2. 
SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
    There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr. A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be undersleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how mu
ch sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.    Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, “Thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep.” Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue.    Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts:”It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance.
 
1． The author seems to indicate that ______.
A．there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleep
alert怎么读B．among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial
C．people are now moving towards solving many controversial issues
D．the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查读者对文章首句的理解。这句话的意思是：适当的睡眠时间究竟为多少，人们对此各持己见；而其他的话题很少会引起如此大的分歧。在四个选项中，只有D与原文意思相符。注意选A(存在许多像适当的睡眠是多少这样的充满争议的问题)，与原文含义并不相同。 知识模块：阅读
2． The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because ______.
A．few people can wake up feeling fresh and alert
B．some people still feel tired with enough sleep
C．some people still feel sleepy with enough sleep
D．some people go to bed very late at night
正确答案：C
解析：本题的答案在第1段最后两句。Burton博士认为人的身体会自我调节。但作者用if引导的从句从侧面否定了博士的观点。作者说如果博士的观点是正确的话，那么许多人都属于睡眠不足。但实际上有些人睡眠的惯性比较大，他们早上起来还是觉得睡意朦胧，这种现象与身体是否疲倦没有关系。C是正确地表达了作者的观点。 知识模块：阅读
3． In the last paragraph the author points out that ______.
A．sleeping less is good for human development
B．people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than before
C．it is incorrect to say that people sleep too little
D．those who can sleep less should be encouraged
正确答案：D
解析：本题答案在本文最后一段最后两句，大意是：如果有些人在睡眠很少的情况下也能很好地工作和娱乐，并且这对他们的身体无害的话，就不应该阻止他们这样做，他们正是人类进步的先锋。故选D。 知识模块：阅读
    In its first month orbiting Saturn, the Cassini spacecraft has detected a new radiation belt in an unexpected place, its invisible swarm of trapped high-energy particles circling the planet inside the inner edge of Saturn’s signature disk of luminous rings.    Scientists who reported the discovery said yesterday that they were surprised to find a relatively small radiation belt completely isolated from a planet’s main radiation belts, which lie at much greater distances. They had not expected that such a concentration of energetic particles could be sustained inside the famous Saturnian rings.    The phenomenon of a single isolat
ed belt, the scientists said, has never been observed at any other planet in the solar system. By contrast, the Van Allen belts of Earth consist of two related regions of intense radiation trapped by the planet’s magnetic field.    In a NASA conference call with reporters, Dr. Donald G. Mitchell, a Cassini mission scientist from Johns Hopkins University, said the newly discovered radiation belt was detected as the spacecraft made its closest approach to Saturn immediately after rocketing into its orbit on July 1. No previous spacecraft visiting Saturn had been in the proper position to make such a discovery.    Dr. Mitchell said it was the spacecraft’s imaging magnetometer that had observed the radiation belt, which extended around Saturn from about 15,000 miles above the planet’s cloud tops to the inner edge of the innermost of its spectacular rings. The belt is much smaller, and the energies of its particles are less intense, than Saturn’s main radiation belts.    With its discovery, Dr. Mitchell said, “we have seen something that we did not expect: that radiation belt particles can hop over obstructions like Saturn’s rings.”    Other Cassini mission scientists reported puzzling patterns of lightning and thunderstorms on Saturn and observations of a striking glow emanating day and night from the planet’s largest moon, Titan.
 
4． What is special about the belt discovered latest?
A．It is an insular belt which unexpectedly pierces through Saturnian rings.
B．It is much smaller and less intense than the formerly-discovered belts.
C．It is different from the Van Allen belts of Earth.
D．It is the outermost belt of Saturn.
正确答案：B
解析：原文第5段说：“发光带要小一些，粒子能量也不如土星主要发光带强。”故正确答案为B。A称该辐射带是孤立的，它出人意料地穿透了土星环；原文说到，辐射带的颗粒可以穿透土星环，二者并不一致，故不选A。C本身没错，但说它与地球上的范·艾伦辐带不同，并未揭示该辐射带的特点，与题意不符。D错误，该辐射带在土星环内侧，远比土星的主要辐射带低。 知识模块：阅读
5． Why couldn’t the radiation belt be found earlier?
A．Because visual angles are different.
B．Because spacecrafts didn’t approach Saturn close enough in the past.
C．Because viewing spot matters.
D．Because the spacecraft had no imaging magnetometer advanced enough in the past.
正确答案：C
解析：第4段中“先前探测土星的飞船没有到达适当的位置而没有作出如此发现。”说明先前飞船都没有如此的发现是由于position不适当。C中的spot正是此义。注意理解viewing spot matters是“观察位置问题”之义。 知识模块：阅读
6． In the last paragraph, “emanating”could be replaced by ______.
A．changing
B．emitting
C．disappearing
D．transporting
正确答案：B
解析：考点单词emanating前的glow(红光)和后的from…应该表明科学家发现了有红光从土星的卫星Titan不断地“发出”，故本题答案应为B。其他选项的词义放到原文中都说不通。 知识模块：阅读
    Scientists have determined that Archaeopteryx, the earliest known bird, was definitely birdbrained, meaning no disrespect. Indeed, they consider the fossil’s brain size decisive evidence that Archaeopteryx had what it took to fly.    The new research suggests, moreover, that birds probably started flying millions of years earlier than scientists previously thought. It is just that fossils of those first flying birds—predecessors of Archaeopteryx—have never been found.    The researchers, at the Natural History Museum
in London, based their findings on the first X-ray examination and reconstruction of the braincase and inner ear of a 147-million-year-old Archaeopteryx specimen. They found that in size, shape and volume, its brain was similar to that of the modern eagle or sparrow.    Measurements of the semicircular canals, the mechanism for balance inside the ear, showed that Archaeopteryx had the “neurological and structural adaptations necessary for flight,” the scientists concluded.    Their research, involving an X-ray computed tomography scan, or C.T., of the fossil’s braincase and inner ear, is described today in the journal Nature.    Previous studies of the feathered wing and tail of Archaeopteryx and its birdlike anatomy, including a pronounced wishbone, supported the prevailing view of experts that it was capable of some degree of powered flight. Archaeopteryx is considered a prime transitional species in the evolution of some reptiles, probably dinosaurs, into today’s birds.    But the research team, led by Dr. Angela Milner, a paleontologist at the British museum, wrote that until their investigation of Archaeopteryx, “little was understood about the extent to which its brain and special senses were adapted for flight.”    Dr. Milner said the new study not only established that Archaeopteryx was capable of “controlling the com
plex business of flying,” but also showed “how much there is still to discover about when and how bird flight began.”    In a statement issued by the museum, Dr. Milner said, “If flight was this advanced by the time Archaeopteryx was around, then were birds actually flying millions of years earlier than we’d previously thought?”

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