Sentence Types
1. simple sentences,
2. compound sentences,
3. complex sentences, and
4. compound-complex sentences.
I. Simple Sentences
e.g. Freshwatear boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level.
Freshwater boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.
Freshwater and salt water do not boil and do not freeze at the same temperature.
II. Compound sentences
  In compound sentences, two or more ideas in a sentence are equally important in meaning.
a. With a coordinator
register forSalt water boils at a higher temperature than freshwater, so food cooks faster in salt water.
b. With a conjuctive adverb
e.g. Salt water boils at a higher temperature than freshwater; therefore, food cooks faster in salt water.
c. With a semicolon
e.g. Salt water boils at a higher temperature than freshwater; food cooks faster in salt water.
a. With Coordinators
FAN BOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)
1. for (to add a reason)
Japanese people live longer than most other nationalities, for they eat healthful diets.
2. and (to add a similar, equal idea)
They eat a lot of fish and vegetables, and they eat lightly.
3. nor (to add a negative equal idea)
e.g. They do not eat a lot of meat, nor do they eat many dairy products.
4.  but  (to add an opposite idea)
  e.g. Diet is one factor in how long people live, but it is not the only factor.
      I want to study art, but my parents want me to study engineering. (direct opposite)
5.  or (to add an alternative possibility)
  e.g. However, people should limit the amount of animal fat in their diets, or they risk getting heart diseases.
6.  yet (to add an unexpected or surprising continuation)
  e.g. Cigarette smoking is a factor in longevity, yet Japanese and other long-lived Asians have a very high rate of tobacco use.
      I am very bad at math, yet my parents want me to study engineering. (surprising continuation after "I am very bad at math")
7.  so (to add an expected result)
    e.g. Doctors say that stress is another longevity factor, so try to avoid stress if you wish to live a longer life.
Task
Which coordinator would you use to connect the two clauses in these sentences?
1 a. Too much sun damages the skin, many people still do not use sunscreen.
b. Too much sun damages the skin, too little sun also causes health problems.
2 a. The company's sales increased last year, its profits declined.
b. The company moved its marketing division to Phoenix, the operations division stayed in Boston.
3 a. Population growth has slowed in most developing countries, ____ it has not slowed enough to avoid serious problems.
b. The fertility rate in India has decreased from 6 to 3 births per female, ____ India's population is expanding at the rate of 18 million per year.
Exercise:
For each pair of the following sentences form a compound sentence by joining the two independent clauses with a coordinator that best fits the meaning. Use each FAN BOYS c
oordinator once. Write your new sentences on a separate sheet of paper, and punctuate them correctly. The first one has been done for you as an example.
1. Nuclear accidents can happen. Nuclear power plants must have strict safety controls. Nuclear accidents can happen, so nuclear power plants must have strict safety controls.
2. The accident at the nuclear power plant at Three Mile Island in the United States created fears about the safety of this energy source. The disaster at Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union confirmed them.
3. Solar heating systems are economical to operate. The cost of installation is very high.
4. Energy needs are not going to decrease. Energy sources are not going to increase. (Use nor and question word order in the second clause, deleting the word not).
5. Burning fossil fuels causes serious damage to our planet. We need to develop other sources of energy.
6. Ecologists know that burning fossil fuels causes holes in the ozone layer. People continue to do it
7. Developing nations especially will continue this harmful practice. They do not have the money to develop "clean" energy sources.
8. All nations of the world must take action. Our children and grandchildren will suffer the consequences.
b. Compound Sentences with Conjunctive Adverbs
1. To add a similar, equal idea
Also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, as well, too

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