2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
More than two hundred years ago the United States （ ）from the British Empire and became all independent country.
问题1选项
A.got off
B.pulled down
C.broke away
D.drop off
【答案】C
【解析】短语辨析。句意：200多年以前，美国从大英帝国中 出来，成为完全独立的国家。get off 下来；pull down 推翻；break away 脱离；drop off 减少。因此，C项符合句意。
2.
单选题
The reception was attended by（ ）members of the local community.
问题1选项
A.excellent
B.conspicuous
C.prominent
D.noticeable
【答案】C
【解析】C选项prominent意为“突出的；著名的”。句意：参加这次招待会的是当地社区的（ ） 人士。A选项excellent极好的；B选项conspicuous显而易见的；C选项prominent突出的；著名的； D选项noticeable引人注目的，C选项prominent符合句意。   
3.
单选题
The ship’s generator broke down，and the pumps had to be operated（ ）in-
stead of mechanically.
问题1选项
A.manually
B.artificially
C.automatically
D.synthetically
【答案】A
【解析】句意：船的发电机出了故障，所以得（ ）操作泵以代替机械操作。A选项manually手工地；B选项artificially人为地；C选项automatically自动地；D选项synthetically 综合地，A选项符合句意。   
4.
单选题
Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great
问题1选项
A.explosion
B.sensation
C.exaggeration
D.stimulation
【答案】B
【解析】名词辨析。create a great sensation表示 “引起轰动”   
5.
单选题
Scientists have acknowledged that to interpret an animal’s thought processes in a sound manner re- quires a heavy dose of（ ）from our own mental patterns, which we access introspectively.
问题1选项
A.estimation
B.calculation
C.skepticism
D.inference
【答案】B
【解析】名词辨析。句意：科学家已经承认，用声音的方式来翻译一个动物的思维进程，需要从我们使用内在的思维模式进行大量的 （ ） 。estimation 评价，估计；calculation 计算；skepticism 怀疑论；inference 推理。故选B。   
6.
单选题
These excursions will give you an even deeper（ ）into our languageand culture.
问题1选项
A.inquiry
B.investigation
C.input
basic语言是什么意思D.insight
【答案】D
【解析】名词辨析。inquiry询问，调查；investigation调查，研究；input 输入，投入；insight深入了解，深刻见解。句意：这次短途旅行会使你对我们的语言和文化有更加深入的         。因此D选项符合句意。
7.
单选题
 The town planning commission said that their financial（ ）for the next fiscal
year was optimistic; they expect increased tax revenues.
问题1选项
A.outlook
B.oversight
C.notion
D.subject
【答案】A
【解析】名词辨析。句意：城市规划委员会表示，他们对下一个财政年度的财务前景持乐观态度；他们预计税收会增加。   
8.
单选题
I think Kim would be great for the job. Her work record is（ ）.
问题1选项
A.impeccable
B.enriched
C.rudimentary
D.tarnished
【答案】A
【解析】形容词辨析。句意：我认为Kim可以胜任这份工作。她的工作记录是（ ）。
impeccable无瑕疵的，没有缺点的；enriched浓缩的，强化的；rudimentary基本的，残遗的
未发展的；tarnished生锈的，有污点的。选项A符合句意。   
9.
单选题
The development of these gene technologies may be far in the future, but（ ）the moral and social issues raised by them should be discussed, for once a technology has been invented, it may be difficult to stop or control.
问题1选项
A.presently
B.summarily
C.seriously
D.hesitantly
【答案】A
【解析】副词辨析。句意：这些基因技术可能在未来会有很大的发展，但是 应该讨论的是道德和社会问题。因为一旦发明了这种技术，就很难停止或控制。presently 目前；summarily 即刻地；seriously 严肃地；hesitantly 迟疑地。因此，A项符合句意。
10.
单选题
We are writing to the manager（ ）the repairs recently carried out at the above address.
问题1选项
A.with the exception of
B.with the purpose of
C.with the reference to
D.with a view to
【答案】C
【解析】短语辨析。句意：我们写信给经理，（内容是） （ ）最近在上述地址进行的修理工作。
with the exception of 除...以外；with the purpose of 为了；with the reference to 关于；with a view to 目的在于。因此，C项with the reference to 关于符合句意。   
11.
单选题
He is the author of this novel with high（ ）in the country.
问题1选项
A.coherence
B.prestige
C.consequence
Dmitment
【答案】B
【解析】名词辨析。句意：他是这本小说的作者，在这个国家有很高的（ ） 。coherence统一，连贯性；prestige声望，名望；consequence结果，推论，重要性；commitment承诺，委托。因此，B项符合句意。   
12.
单选题
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life c
an be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out t
o be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes bowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

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