万物本原 各从其类 天尊地卑
学坛映杏坛 学子竞诸子
川 外 学 坛
每 周 讨 论 摘 要
                     
                            2009-2010第1学年第8周（10.29）
                      四川外语学院外国语文研究中心
简报 (中文)  --------------------3
简报（英文）--------------------4
语言学论坛：
综述（中文）--------------------6
综述（英文）--------------------26
相关词条 -----------------------41
2009年下期川外学坛第五周学坛辩论会成功举行
2009年10月29日晚上7:00-9:00，川外学坛之语言学论坛在图书馆六楼会议室举行。此次论坛主题为《普遍语法—一个备受争议的话题》，由四川外国语学院赵彦春教授主持，魏春燕陈述。广外张宏博士、姜孟博士、张晶老师、易曾权老师、重庆工学院肖娴老师，以及各年级研究生参与了本次论坛。
    自20世纪50年代乔姆斯基发表《句法结构》一书以来，他所引领的转换生成语言学在语言学界掀起了轩然大波，而作为该语言学派之灵魂和核心的普遍语法理论更是受到了普遍的关注，不管支持者或反对者，都不乏其人。陈述者以V.J.Cook & Mark Newson对普遍语法重要
性的评述开始，从以下几个方面对乔姆斯基的普遍语法进行了阐述和探讨：普遍语法的语言学背景介绍、理论内容阐释、反对之声、陈述者本人该理论的一些思考，以及讨论与争鸣。陈述部分大致内容如下：
自亚里斯多德以来的语言学研究大致可划分为两大传统，一是对语言个体差异的思考，二是对语言共相的探求，而乔姆斯基的普遍语法正是在沿袭了理性主义传统的基础上，对语言共性所展开的深入研究。该理论是在反观美国结构主义语言学对儿童语言习得解释力不足的基础上，提出的旨在探索人类语言组成、习得及运用的一个科学假说。尽管受到了大批学者的拥戴和支持，普遍语法理论也招致了众多学者的质疑和反驳。质疑之声主要来自三个方面：“普遍语法”的直接反驳、普遍语法“第一性”假说质疑、对语言官能的质疑（主要包括对语言官能的提法必要性、自足性和为人类独有等方面的质疑）。通过分析，陈述者认为，众多所谓的“反驳”要么只是出于局部的考虑，要么就是没有定论的争论，它们并不能对普遍语法理论构成根本意义上的威胁，也不会触动该理论大厦的根基。但是，虽然普遍语法理论对语言习得问题做出了很好的解释，但是这种解释却是相当粗糙的。另外，陈述者认为乔姆斯基在理论后期对广义语言官能与狭义语言官能的区分大大地限制了语言官能独属于人类特性的范围。从某种角度讲，这种区分至少部分否定了语言官能的物种独特性，对前期普遍语法理
论的完整性造成了一定程度上的冲击。
讨论环节，支斌生承认普遍语法的存在但认为其理论意义不大，魏春燕、叶友珍对此做出了回应；王明璨认为乔姆斯基已经跳出了理性主义和经验主义的框架的局限，从更为抽象的层面探讨语言官能，其本质是一套运算系统；姜孟博士介绍了有关模块论的三种假设，即陈述说、基本学习理论和交互式理论，并区分了普遍语法的两层意义；张晶老师认为普遍性的来源究竟是人类的天生能力还是参数设置过程中的数据，这个问题至关重要；赵彦春教授指出，普遍语法的争论就其实质体现了唯理论与经验论上两大派别的对峙与争锋，动物与人类最大的不同就在于前者的发音不具有组合性特征，进而不存在层级性、递归性。同时，他还认为人类语言的普遍特征是内在的，是人类先天具有的潜能。
                                                    魏春燕
                                                2009年10月31日
SISU Forum, First Week, New Semester, 2009
On October 29th, 2009, Linguistic forum of SISU Forum was held in the Meeting room on t
he sixth floor of SISU Library. Hosted by Prof. Zhao Yanchun, this weekly forum concentrates on UG or not UG—That’s a Question, lectured by Wei Chunyan. The present guests range from Doctor Zhang Hong from GDUFS, Dr Jiang Meng, Mr. Jiang Meng & Yi Zengquan and Miss. Xiao Xian to postgraduates of varied grades.
Universal grammar (UG), as the cornerstone of the transformational grammar leaded by N. Chomsky, has been greatly noticed and disputed ever since its appearance. Presenter Wei introduced and expounded UG theory from the following aspects: its linguistic tradition, a general introduction to UG, the disapproval voices, and her own view on UG and questions for further discussion. The main content goes as follows:
UG theory, as one of the most important parts in the linguistic tradition in which linguistic universals are pursued, was a scientific hypothesis put forward by N. Chomsky aimed to explore the essence of human language—what are its component parts, how is it acquired and used, etc. Despite the supports and admirations from a body of scholars, UG is greatly challenged in at least three aspects: challenges to the subsystems of UG, UG as the essen
tial factor for human to acquire human language, and UG’s basic content—the faculty of language (FL for short). Based on thorough analysis, Miss Wei came to the conclusion that among all those challenges, except those still being disputed, most of them are proposed merely out of local considerations, and thus could not threaten UG theory in an essential sense. Dbasic语言是一种espite all this, UG gives a sensible but rather rough explanation to language acquisition. In addition, Miss Wei reckoned that the division by Chomsky between Faculty of language in a broad sense and narrow sense (FLB & FLN) negated the human-specific property of FL, thus inclined to make an impact on the UG theory to some degree.
In the discussion section, Zhi Binsheng recognized the existence of UG but doubted its significance in linguistic research, which was challenged by Wei Chunyan and Ye Youzhen. Wang Mingcan stated his idea that Chomsky’s UG had already pulled itself above the confinement between rationalism and empiricism and that FL was a computational system in a true sense. Dr. Jang Meng introduced three main hypotheses about Modularity Theory and distinguished the meaning of UG in two different levels. Mr Zhang Jing thought it was of vital importance for us to figure it out that the universal properties of human language ca
me from human’s endowed capability or the data appearing in the process of parameters-setting, to which Pro. Zhao held that they were innate in human’s species-specific ability. More than that, he insisted that the major distinction between human and animals lay in the fact that human language was blessed with what lacked in animas’ sound — compositionality — which ultimately resulted in the properties that was specific to human beings: the hierarchical and recursive characteristics of human language.
                                                  By Choey Wei
                                                October, 29th, 2009
川外学坛语言学论坛综述
时间：2009年10月29日
地点：图书馆六楼会议报告厅
主持人：赵彦春教授
参加者：赵彦春教授、姜孟博士、张宏博士、易曾权老师、张晶老师、重庆工学院肖娴老师，研部各年级各方向学生
主题：普遍语法    ——一个备受争议的话题
主讲人：魏春燕
乔姆斯基的“普遍语法”（Universal Grammar）理论的中心思想是人脑有一种先天的特定结构或属性，即语言习得机制，它是人类学会使用语言的内因。普遍语法是乔姆斯基语法理论的核心，是对传统观念的一种挑战。研究普遍语法理论对进一步理解人类大脑如何形成语言能力具有重大意义。
主讲人首先以V. J. Cook & Mark Newson对乔姆斯基普遍语法的一段重要评论开始了对备受争议的普遍语法的陈述：
The idea of Universal Grammar (UG) put forward by Noam Chomsky has been a crucial driving force in linguistics. Whether linguistics agree with it or nor, they have defined themselves by their reactions to it, not only in terms of general concepts of language and la
nguage acquisition, but also in how they carry out linguistic description. From 1960s to 1980s, UG became a flash-point for disciplines outside linguistics such as psychology, computer parsing of language ands first language acquisition, even if theses areas have tended to lose contact in recent years.   

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