前缀 | 意义 | 例子 |
un- | 不，未 | comfortable - uncomfortable able – unable fair – unfair successfully – unsuccessfully certain – uncertain |
in-, il-, im-, ir- | 不，非，无 | legal – illegal complete – incomplete possible – impossible regularly - irregularly |
dis- | 否定，相反，分离 | courage – discouraged advantage – disadvantage agree – disagree appear – disappear like - dislike |
mis- | 错误 | lead – mislead fortune – misfortune understand - misunderstand |
re- | 再一次 | new – renew build – rebuild write – rewrite born – reborn tell - retell |
fore- | 在前面 | see – foresee tell – foretell forehead forecast |
pre- | 在前，事先 | view – preview school – preschool |
post- | 在后边 | post-graduate postwar post - dated |
a- | 在…上，向 | asleep aloud across |
co- | 联合，共同 | education – coeducation operate – cooperate exist - coexist |
inter- | 相互 | net – internet national – international class - interclass |
mid- | 中间 | night – midnight day – midday term - midterm |
super- | 超级 | superman |
en - | danger – endanger large – enlarge | |
名词后缀 | 意义 | 例子 |
-er, -or | 人 | direct – director survive – survivor compete – competitor operate – operator employ – employer custom – customer behave – behavior act – actor perform – performer rescue – rescuer report – reporter translate - translator |
-eer | 人 | engine – engineer volunteer |
-ess | 女性 | host – hostess wait - waitress |
-ician | 专家 | music – musician physic - physician |
-ist | 主义者 | art –artist social – socialist real – realist journal – journalist art – artist science – scientist reception – receptionist physic – physicist special – specialist tour – tourist |
-er, -or | 物 | heat – heater cook – cooker calculate – calculator contain – container dry – dryer draw -drawer |
-age | 状态，费用 | use – usage marry – marriage post – postage short - shortage |
-ure | 行为，过程，结果 | mix – mixture create – creature fail – failure press - pressure |
-ity | 性质，状态，程度 | responsible – responsibility real – reality active – activity electric – electricity curious – curiosity nation – nationality major – majority opportunity |
-ment | 行为，结果，工具 | disagree – disagreement govern – government advertise – advertisement employ – employment argue – argument achieve – achievement enjoy – enjoyment state – statement entertain – entertainment amuse – amusement |
-ion | 行为，过程，状态 情况，性质，结果 | direct – direction recognize – recognition persuade – persuasion organize – organization educate – education receive – reception decorate – decoration explode – explosion compete – competition admit – admission permit- permission apply – application solve – solution protect – protection reserve – reservation celebrate – celebration starve – starvation digest – digestion observe – observation connect – connection consider – consideration produce – production occupy – occupation explain – explanation attract – attraction consider- consideration collect – collection pronounce - pronunciation |
-ism | 制度，主义 | criticize – criticism social – socialism impression - impressionism |
-y | 境遇，性质，行为 | difficult – difficulty discover – discovery brave – bravery injure – injury recover – recovery cruel – cruelty |
nation和nationality的区别-al | 动作，行为 | arrive – arrival survive - survival |
-ness | 性质，状态，程度 | happy – happiness sad – sadness rude – rudeness weak – weakness kind – kindness sick – sickness selfless – selflessness unique - uniqueness |
-ship | 身份，职业，性质 状态 | friend – friendship hard – hardship member - membership |
-hood | 身份，性质 亲属关系 | child – childhood neighbor -neighborhood |
-ance -ence | 动作，性质 | perform – performance enter – entrance appear – appearance exist – existence |
-th | 动作，度量，性质 状态 | strong – strength wide – width long – length true – truth grow – growth deep – depth |
-dom | 地位，领域，性质，状态 | free – freedom king - kingdom |
-ing | 动作 | suffer – suffering swim – swimming understand – understanding |
-ery | slave – slavery revolution – revolutionary scene – scenery | |
-ce | defend – defence violent – violence distant – distance independent – independence evident – evidence confident – confidence important – importance patient - patience | |
-ight | fly –flight | |
形容词后缀 | 意义 | 例子 |
-able | 可…的，能…的 | value – valuable accept – acceptable suit –suitable eat - eatable |
-al | 有…性质的 | person – personal logic – logical type – typical finance – financial culture – cultural electric – electrical magic – magical technology – technological universe – universal origin – original agriculture – agricultural benefit – beneficial physic – physical tradition – traditional face – facial center – central nature – natural technique - technical |
-ant,-ent | …的 | please – pleasant important excellent |
-ic, -ical | …性质的, 与…有关的 | base – basic electric technical gymnasium – gymnastic athlete – athletic energy – energetic |
-ish | 稍带…的, …气的, …语的 | fool – foolish self – selfish Spain – Spanish child - childish |
-ive | 有…性质的 | persuade – persuasive protect – protective effect – effective subject – subjective attract – attractive create – creative instruct - instructive |
-ful | 充满…的 | doubt – doubtful hope – hopeful pain – painful success – successful harm – harmful mercy – merciful beauty – beautiful thank –thankful forget - forgetful |
-less | 不…的 | home – homeless harm –harmless wire – wireless self - selfless |
-ous | 有…特性的 | danger – dangerous religion – religious mountain – mountainous humour – humorous nerve – nervous fame - famous |
-y | 多…的 | worth – worthy dust – dusty hunger – hungry cloud – cloudy sun – sunny fun – funny sleep - sleepy |
-ed | 有…的, …特征的 | advance – advanced concern – concerned injure – injured interest – interested disappoint – disappointed devote – devoted maze – amazed reserve – reserved limit – limited puzzle – puzzled please – pleased terrify – terrified frighten – frightened crowd – crowded astonish – astonished bore – bored amuse – amused excite – excited worry – worried learn - learned |
-en | 由…构成的 | wood – wooden strength – strengthen long – lengthen |
-ern | …方向的 | east – eastern west - western |
-ly | 有…性质的 | year- yearly friend – friendly live – lively week - weekly |
- t | violence – violent dependence – dependent independence – independent evidence – evident intelligence – intelligent importance – important patience – patient distance – distant emergency – emergent confidence – confident | |
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