专题16  语法填空说明文
【母题来源一】【2019·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been  ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In rece
nt years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by  ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【母题来源二】【2019·浙江卷】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the ed
ge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【命题意图】
在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。
【考试方向】
作为高考新题型的语法填空试题，近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点：文章以记叙文和说明文为主，文章长度控制在190～220词，10道题中，有6～7个试题给出提示词(全国卷都是7个)，要求考生；考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分，词法部分包括：1)词类的转换，结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化；2)介词的固定搭配，名词的复数形式及运用；语法部分包括：时态和语态的综合运用，非谓语动词，各种从句等。
    从近年课标卷的语法填空试题看，给出提示词的考点主要包括：词类的转换(名词与动词的转换，形容词与副词的转换）；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词
的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气、谓语动词与非谓语动词的变化等。给出提示词考点多为实词，所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话内容可以是1～3个单词。挖空分布均匀，考点的安排注重多样化。不给提示词的考点主要包括：连词（并列连词和从属连词）、介词（动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等。
【得分要点】
1、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化（转为名词、形容词），或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词；
2、给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词（前缀）；
3、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
4、不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名
词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。
【精准对接】 文章和高考题相似度很高。
【母题1】【2019届浙江舟山中学高三高考模拟】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Starting this September, freshmen at Tsinghua University will have to take swimming courses. They won't receive their degrees until they pass the test     1    (success). Exceptions will be allowed for students with certain physical or mental conditions, if    2    (prove) by medical staff.
Actually, viewing the ability    3    (swim) as a must for students is not something new to this university. It was a    4    (require) in the early 20th century. Later it    5    (drop) due to a risi
ng number of students and a lack of facilities（设施）.
As for    6    new rule, opinions vary greatly. Some students welcome it, saying it's a necessary skill    7    can save lives, while others argue that it’s not reasonable to link degrees  8    swimming ability.
In response to the negative reviews, Liu Bo, head of the Division of Sports Science, gave the following explanation.    9    a water sport , swimming does less harm to joints（关节）and muscles and is helpful in improving students' endurance.    10    (consequence) it's beneficial to students in the long run.
connect的名词和形容词
【母题2】【云南省重点名校2019届高三冲刺联考】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lions，tigers and other animals are staying awake at night     1    （avoid）human beings，a new study finds.
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away     2    people. By being awake at night，animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time     3    （look）for food.

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