make用法汇总
Make用法一览
动词make的用法比较复杂重要,不易掌握。归纳起来,主要有以下一些用法:
1.make+名词(代词)+动词不定式短语,-ed分词短语,介词短语,名词短语,形容词或形容词短语。如:
She made all of us laugh. 她使得我们都笑
注意:不定式短语在主动结构中作宾语补足语时,不带to;但在被动结构中作主语补足语时,不定式短语则必须带to。如:
we were made to laugh by her.
Filth and high prices have combined to make London and other cities depressing places to live in.
污秽和物价上涨使伦敦和其他城市成了令人压抑的地方。
We should make these materials of most value.
我们必须使这些材料变得很有价值。
It was the determination that made life worth living for so many honest people.
正是这种决心使许多正直的人生活得有意义。
2.make+形容词(短语)+名词短语是一种倒装结构。为使句子结构保持平衡,通常将较长的名词短语移置补足语之后,不加引导词汇作形式宾语。如:
The telescope made possible the observation of the far-off stars.
望远镜使人们能够观察遥远的星球。
在现代英语中能够用于这一结构中的形容词越来越多。又如:
The primary aim of every punctuation mark is to make unmistakable the meaning of written words.
写作时应用标点符号的基本目的,是使所用词语的意义不致被误解。
3.make+it+形容词+不定式短语(从句)不定式短语或从句作宾语时,需移置宾语补语之后,在原来宾语的位置上用引导词it作形式宾语,从而使句子保持平衡。如:
In order to make it easier for people to use computers,languages for writing programs have been devised.
为使人们易于使用计算机,便设计出了编写程序的语言。
The company made it questionable whether the equipment should be employed at all.
这家公司对到底该不该使用这台设备产生了怀疑
4. make 构成的一些固定搭配
make faces 做鬼脸
make friends 交朋友
make cakes 做蛋糕
make noises 制造噪音
make paper 造纸
make money 赚钱
make yourself at home 请自便
make oneself understood  使别人理解
make progress 取得进步
make up 编造/化妆/整理/备用
To put together; construct or compose:
整理;建立或捏造:
make up a prescription.
开一个药方
To constitute; form:
构成;组成:
One hundred years make up a century.
一百年构成一个世纪
To alter one's appearance for a role on the stage, as with a costume and cosmetics.
化妆:为在舞台上的角而改变某人的外表,例如用服装或化妆品
To apply cosmetics.
用化妆品化妆
To devise as a fiction or falsehood; invent:
捏造,编造:杜撰小说或谎话;捏造:
made up an excuse.
编造借口
To make good (a deficit or lack):
弥补:弥补(赤字或不足):
made up the difference in the bill.
弥补了帐单上的差额
To compensate for:
补偿:
make up the lost time.
补足失去的时间
To resolve a quarrel:
和好:平息一场争吵:
kissed and made up.
亲吻和好
To make ingratiating or fawning overtures. Used with to :
献殷勤,巴结:提出献殷勤或讨好的建议。和to 连用:
made up to his friend's boss.
向他朋友的老板献殷勤
To take (an examination or a course) again or at a later time because of previous absence or failure.
补考,补课:因为以前缺席或不及格在一段时间后再考或再上课
To set in order:
整理,收拾:
make up a room.
把房间收拾好construct用法
Printing To select and arrange material for:
【印刷术】 排版,整版:
made up the front page.
为封面排版
]
make up for
make sure
make use of
be made of/ from
be made in 
be made into
be made up of
be made after
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1. 当make的意思是“做、制造、制作”时,常用的句型是:
(1) make sth. (to do sth.) 意为“制造某物”。例如:
She can make kites. 她会制作风筝。
(2) make sb. sth. / make sth. for sb. 意为“为某人制作某物”。例如:
His mother made him a beautiful coat. / His mother made a beautiful coat for him. 他的母亲为他缝制了一件漂亮的外衣。
(3) 被动语态中常用be made of / from, be made in, be made by等短语来表示“……是由……制成的”,“……是在……制成的”和“……是被……制成的”。例如:
Wine is made from grapes. 酒是由葡萄酿制成的。 
These cars were made in Changchun. 这些汽车是在长春制造的。
2. 当make的意思是“使、使得”时,一般用于“make + 宾语 + 宾补”这种结构,常用的句型是:
(1) make + sb. / sth. + adj. 意为“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。例如:
The news made him happy. 这个消息使他很高兴。
在此句型中,通常用it作形式宾语,而动词不定式或从句才是真正的宾语,而且要后置。例如:
Computers make it easier to learn English. 电脑使英语学习更加容易。
当然,除了接形容词作宾补外,还可以接名词、动词的过去分词等作宾补。例如:
They all want to make Jim their monitor. (名词)他们都想让吉姆当班长。
I spoke loudly in order to make my voice heard.(过去分词) 我大声地讲话,以便让别人听到。
(2) make + sb. / sth. + 省略to的动词不定式, 意为“使某人或某物做某事”。例如:
Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts. 我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
当把这样的句子变为被动语态时,原句中省略的动词不定式符号to必须要还原。如把
上面的句子变为被动语态,应为:
We are often made to retell the texts (by our English teacher).
3. make还可以构成大量短语:
make a decision (下决定) , make a face / faces (做鬼脸), make friends with (与……交友), make progress (取得进步),make sure (确信、弄清楚), make up one's mind (下决心)等。
make是初中英语中出现频率很高的一个动词,它的用法主要有;
1.做、制作、制造。
She made a kite for her sister yesterday. 她昨天为她妹妹做了一个风筝。
She makes her own clothes. 她自己做衣服。
This kind of mobile is made in Beijing. 这种手机是北京制造的。
2.铺(床)。
Please make your bed before breakfast. 请在早饭前把床铺好。
3.制定、规定。
They have made a study plan for this term. 他们已经制定了本学期的学习计划。
4.产生、引起(某事物)。
Don’t make any noise in class. 上课时不要弄出噪音。
She’s always making trouble for her friends. 她总给朋友惹麻烦。
5.使(某人/某物)成为、变为、变成。
The great news made her happy. 这好消息使她很高兴。
Computers can make learning easier and interesting.  电脑能使学习变得更容易更有趣。
6.强迫、迫使(某人)做某事物。
What makes you say that? 是什么(原因)让你说出那种话来。
Nothing will make me change my mind. 无论什么事都不能使我改变主意。
注:在这一结构中,make后的动词不带to。
7.选举(某人)、指派。
We made Jack our monitor at the meeting yesterday. 在昨天的会议上我们选杰克做班长。
damage,destroy,ruin,spoil的区别
1. damage 表示“损害”、“损坏”,通常是指部分性的损坏,往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低,有时用于比喻用法中。如:
The bridge was badly damaged by the flood. 桥被洪水损坏得很严重。
Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。
2. destroy 表示“毁坏”, 通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭, 往往暗示无法或很难修复,有时用于比喻用法中。如:
The fire destroyed the building. 大火毁了大楼。
All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal. 他回信拒绝,使我的希望完全破灭。
3. ruin 表示“毁坏”、“毁灭”,指彻底的毁坏,破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等,现多用于比喻用法中,在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时,通常不用 ruin。如:
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼(words)。
He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因粗心大意断送了前途。
4. ruin 有时还可指一般意义的弄坏或损坏,此时与 spoil 同义且常可换用,只是语气比 spoil 稍强。这两个词有时还可用于美好经历或有用东西的损
坏(此时不能用 damage 或 destroy)。如
My new dress is ruined [spoiled]. 我的新连衣裙全完了。(如泼上墨水等)
This unpleasant man with his endless complaints ruined [spoiled] my journey. 这个不讨人喜欢的家伙,牢骚满腹,使我这趟旅行很不愉快。
5. 表示“毁坏”意义时,damage 和 ruin 还可用作名词,两者都是不可数名词。如:
Everything has gone to ruin. 一切都毁了。
The flood caused serious damage to the crops. 洪水对农作物造成了严重的危害。
注:damage 有时也用复数形式,但不表示“损害”,而表示“赔偿费”;而用于复数的 ruins 则表示“废墟”
、“遗迹”。如(words):
He paid $5 000 in damages for the accident. 他付了5 000 美元的事故赔偿费。
The house has fallen into ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。

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