Flutter中的测试
⼀个经过良好测试的应⽤，应⽤有许多单元测试和widget测试，并使⽤代码覆盖率功能来追踪。再加上对所有主要使⽤场景⾜够多的集成测试。
Flutter中将测试分成三类：
单元测试
Widget测试
集成测试
下⾯分别简单介绍如何编写这个三种测试⽤例。
单元测试
添加依赖
dev_dependencies:
flutter_test:
sdk: flutter
普通逻辑测试
import 'package:test/test.dart';
void main() {
test('my first unit test', () {
var answer = 42;
expect(answer, 42);
});
}
如果需要mock依赖，可以使⽤库。
Widget 测试
实现⼀个widget测试的⽅式和单元测试很像，使⽤Flutter提供的WidgetTester⼯具来发送点击、滚动⼿势，或者在视图树寻某个⼦控件、读取⽂本、验证widget属性是否正确等。
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
void main() {
testWidgets('my first widget test', (WidgetTester tester) async {
// You can use keys to locate the widget you need to test
var sliderKey = UniqueKey();
var value = 0.0;
// Tells the tester to build a UI based on the widget tree passed to it
await tester.pumpWidget(
StatefulBuilder(
builder: (BuildContext context, StateSetter setState) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Material(
child: Center(
child: Slider(
key: sliderKey,
value: value,
onChanged: (double newValue) {
setState(() {
value = newValue;
});
flutter sdk
},
),
),
),
);
},
),
);
expect(value, equals(0.0));
// Taps on the widget found by key
await tester.tap(find.byKey(sliderKey));
/
/ Verifies that the widget updated the value correctly
expect(value, equals(0.5));
});
}
集成测试
Flutter中的集成测试也是使⽤package:test编写的，其原理和Selenium/WebDriver(web)、Expresso(Android)、UI Automation(iOS)类似，测试脚本和App运⾏在不同的进程，测试脚本通过向App进程发送模拟事件来驱动测试流程。
添加API依赖
dev_dependencies:
flutter_driver:
sdk: flutter
创建instrumented Flutter应⽤，即开启Flutter Driver扩展的应⽤，通过调⽤enableFlutterDriverExtension()开启。
// This line imports the extension
import 'package:flutter_driver/driver_extension.dart';
void main() {
// This line enables the extension
enableFlutterDriverExtension();
// Call the `main()` of your app or call `runApp` with whatever widget
// you are interested in testing.
}
编写集成测试，测试⽂件位于my_app/test_driver/user_list_scrolling_test.dart import 'dart:async';
// Imports the Flutter Driver API
import 'package:flutter_driver/flutter_driver.dart';
import 'package:test/test.dart';
void main() {
group('scrolling performance test', () {
FlutterDriver driver;
setUpAll(() async {
// Connects to the app
driver = t();
});
tearDownAll(() async {
if (driver != null) {
/
/ Closes the connection
driver.close();
}
});
test('measure', () async {
// Record the performance timeline of things that happen inside the closure
Timeline timeline = aceAction(() async {
// Find the scrollable user list
SerializableFinder userList = find.byValueKey('user-list');
// Scroll down 5 times
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
/
/ Scroll 300 pixels down, for 300 millis
await driver.scroll(
userList, 0.0, -300.0, Duration(milliseconds: 300));
// Emulate a user's finger taking its time to go back to the original
// position before the next scroll
await Future<void>.delayed(Duration(milliseconds: 500));
}
// Scroll up 5 times
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
await driver.scroll(
userList, 0.0, 300.0, Duration(milliseconds: 300));
await Future<void>.delayed(Duration(milliseconds: 500));
}
});
// The `timeline` object contains all the performance data recorded during
// the scrolling session. It can be digested into a handful of useful
// aggregate numbers, such as "average frame build time".
TimelineSummary summary = TimelineSummary.summarize(timeline);
// The following line saves the timeline summary to a JSON file.
summary.writeSummaryToFile('scrolling_performance', pretty: true);
// The following line saves the raw timeline data as JSON.
summary.writeTimelineToFile('scrolling_performance', pretty: true);
});
});
}
执⾏集成测试
flutter drive --target=my_app/test_driver/user_list_scrolling.dart 上⾯执⾏命令的背后：
1. 构建–target 对应App并安装到设备上
2. 启动App
3. 执⾏user_list_scrolling_test.dart⽂件的测试

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