法律英语期末考试句子翻译
UNIT ONE CONTRACT LAW
Section A Understanding of Contract
1.They claim that the definition of the American Restatement ignores the bargain—the exchange of equivalents which is the essence of a contract.
法学家们声称《美国合同法重述》忽略了契约的本质，即等价交换是合同的本质。
2.Thus to say that a contract can simply be ―a promise‖ is to overlook the fact that there is ge nerally some act or promise given in return for the other promise before that promise becomes a contract.
因此说合同是一个承诺就忽略了一个事实，即在承诺成为一个合同之前，通常有一些行为或承诺是为了其他承诺做出的。
3.These scholars also argue that all the definitions in terms of promises or agreements presu
ppose that people only enter into contractual relations after they have made some agreement or promise. 这些学者还是对这些定义持不同观点，他们认为依据合同承诺或契约所作解释的先决条件是当事人业已达成协议或承诺之后构成了合同关系。
4.One is that a person who induces another to rely upon him and change his position, ought not to let that person down, and the other is that a person who does a service to another or renders him some benefit, ought generally to be recompensed for his trouble.
一种观点是诱导他人依赖于他，并促使其改变立场的人，不应该让人失望。另一种观点是帮他人的忙，致使其获得利益的人，一般都应该为其所造成的法律纠纷而获得赔偿。
5.After the above discussion we come to know the Contract may be defined as an agreement, a promise or a set of promises, which create legal liabilities rather than moral obligations, enforceable by the law between two or more persons to do or forebear from doing some act or acts；their intentions being to create legal relations and not merely to exchange mutual promises, both having given something, or having promised to give something of value as consideration for any benefit derived from the agreement or the pro
mise except a transaction agreement by deed.
经过以上的讨论我们可以看出合同可能会被定义为协议、承诺，它所产生的是法律义务而非道德义务，可由两个或两个以上的人之间的法律或祖先做一些行为；他们的意图是创设法律关系，而不仅仅交换彼此的承诺，或者承诺给予一些有价值的东西，考虑任何利益的协议或承诺契约交易协议的除外。
6.A transaction by deed derives its legally binding quality from the special way in which it is made rather than from the operation of the contract law.
某项以契约形式的成功交易源于其本身具有法律约束力的特许交易特征，而不是合同法的操作。
scholars
7.The definition of contract in the Chinese contract law stresses its functions,saying that a contract is the manifestation of intention to establish, change or terminate the civil relationship between two or more parties.
中国的合同法的定义强调的是合同的功能，指出合同所要表现的形式是确立、改变或终止合
同双方或多方的民事关系。
8. Making a contract is a civil juristic act done by both sides. At least two parties shall enter, and express their genuine intention. Otherwise a contract cannot be established. The purpose to make a contract is to bring out a certain civil juristic effect, including establishing, changing or terminating the civil relationship between the two parties. Making a contract is a legal act rather than illegal act. Unlawfully established contracts are null or void. Contractual obligations are often imposed on all
parties.According to the difference among their apperance,it falls into precontractual
obligation,after contractual obligation and the subordinated obligation in contract performing.
签订合同是甲乙双方的民事法律行为所至。至少双方均应积极参与，并表达真实意图。否则合同就不成立。签订合同的目的是为了确立一定的民事法律效力，其中包括双方民事法律关系的确定、变更和终止。签订合同是一种法律行为而不是非法行为。非法订立的合同均为无
效合同。合同义务通常是强加给合同各方的。依据产生阶段的不同，合同义务可以分为先合同义务、后合同义务、合同履行中的附随义务三种。
UNIT TWO INTERNATIONAL DIVOICE: LITIGATING MARITAL PROPERTY AND SUPPORT RIGHTS
Section A Jurisdiction and Procedure in International Divorce Litigation
1.A court may also exercise personal jurisdiction based on a respondent's general appearance in a proceeding, and a respondent who files a responsive pleading without objecting to jurisdiction is typically deemed to have waived any of these defenses.
法庭还可以基于被告出现在诉讼程序的事实或者其在答辩状中没有提出管辖权异议而获得
应诉管辖权。
2.Before relying on Burnham-type service to confer personal jurisdiction on the court, counsel should be aware that foreign jurisdictions may refuse to enforce a decree entered on this basis, as tag jurisdiction is widely rejected outside the United States.
在依此判例赋予法院属人管辖权之前，律师应该意识到外国司法机关可能拒绝执行这种判决，因为美国以外的国家普遍不承认“接触的管辖权”。
3.Beyond the question of jurisdiction, due process requires that a respondent must be afforded notice and an opportunity for a hearing, even in the context of an ex-parte divorce.
撇开管辖权的问题，即使是在单方面的离婚诉讼中，正当法律程序也要求给予被告观看和听证的机会。
4.The question of whether substituted service is permitted is determined by the law of the forum, but the means utilized must also comply with the laws of the country in which service is made.
州法律将决定是否允许替代送达,但是所运用的这些方法必须遵守传票送达国国家的法律。5.Service of process on an individual in a foreign country is subject to both the law of the state where the action has been filed and any applicable provisions of foreign or international law.

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