第十五讲：非谓语动词——动名词
教学重点：
掌握动名词这一语法知识。了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势：
动名词的考点依次为作宾语，作主语，作定语，作表语。一些固定的基本知识应记牢。
知识点回顾
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。
动名词
1.动名词简述：动名词是三种非谓语动词的一种。由动词+ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语（介词宾语和动宾）和表语，还可以作定语。同时，动名词仍然具有动词的若干特点，它可以有自己的宾语和状语。
2.动名词在句中所能充当的成分：
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
动名词
√
√
√
√
动名词作主语
Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Having done the work is an experience you’ll never forget.
做过这种工作，就会使你永生难忘。
注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。（详见上三例）
2.1.1用It作形式主语
用动名词作主语时，和动词不定式一样，有时也用It作形式主语。
It is no use (useless) talking too much. = Talking too much is no use (useless).
It is no good crying.= Crying is no good.
It trains the ear listening to music. = Listening to music trains the ear.
2.1.2在there be句型中
只能用动名词作主语（不用不定式）
There is no + ---ing.  （…..是不可能的）
= It is impossible to…..
= No one can…..
There is no telling what will happen.
= It is impossible to tell what will happen.
= No one can tell what will happen.
无法预言将会发生什么事情。
There is no getting along with him.
= It is difficult to get along with him.
他这个人很难相处。
动名词作表语
His hobby is painting.
What he likes best is making jokes.
动名词作表语时，一般表示比较抽象的习惯动作，表语和主语常常可以互换。
His hobby is painting.
Painting is his hobby.
What he likes best is making jokes.
Making jokes is what he likes best.
One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly.
Not speaking clearly is one of his bad habits.
动名词和不定式在句中做主语和表语的区别
2.3.1一般情况下两者区别不大，有时可以通用。
Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.
It is dangerous playing with explosives. = It is dangerous to play with explosives.
2.3.2有时，动名词和不定式也有区别，主要表现在动名词所表示的动作比较抽象，或者是习惯性的，而不定式多表示某次比较具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。
His hobby is painting.
In summer what he wants to do is to paint.
动名词作宾语
Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject.
The rain prevented us from going out.
2.4.1只能用动名词作宾语的动词有：
admit承认，appreciate感激，赞赏，avoid避免，complete完成，consider考虑，delay耽误，deny否认，detest讨厌，endure忍受，enjoy喜欢，escape逃脱，prevent阻止，fancy想象，finish完成，imagine想象，mind介意，miss错过，postpone推迟，practise训练，recall回忆，resent讨厌，resist抵抗，resume继续，risk冒险，suggest建议，face面对，include包括，stand忍受，understand理解，forgive宽恕，keep继续
例如：
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
2.4.2只能用动名词作宾语的词组有：
admit to承认，add to加上，be (get) used to习惯于，be accustomed to习惯于，be tired of厌烦……，be fond of喜欢，be capable of有…的能力，be afraid of为…而害怕，be proud of为…自豪，骄傲，be successful in在…成功，be good at擅长于…，be interested in对….感兴趣，be engaged in从事于….，be busy with忙于，be sentenced to宣判，burst out突然，can’t help禁不住，come to谈到，confess to承认，count on / upon依靠，信赖，devote oneself to把begin和start区别…贡献给…，dream of梦想，depend on依靠，excuse…for…为…而原谅，feel like愿意做什么，give up放弃，hold off推迟，insist on坚持，It’s worth…值得，It’s no use / good没有用/不好，无益keep on坚持，know of对…了解，look forward to期盼，盼望，lead to导致，object to反对，put off推迟，prevent…from…阻止…免受…，pay attention to注意，prefer…to比起…更…，stick to坚持，set about着手去做，think of / about想到/考虑
There be句型中动名词的使用。
There is no  need
          use
          harm + (in) doing
          hurry
例如：
When I heard his voice, I couldn’t help thinking of my father.
You’d better put off having the meeting till next month.
2.4.3动名词和不定式作宾语，有以下区别：
常见于like, hate, learn, prefer, love…这些动词
I like skating. But I don’t like to skate today.
我喜欢滑冰，但是我今天不想去滑冰。
（like skating是指一贯的，习惯性的爱好，而like to skate是暂时的动作）
The girl has learned to cook.
这个小姑娘已经学会做饭了。
The girl has learned cooking.
这个小姑娘学过做饭。
①learn to do表示学会做某事
②learn doing表示曾学过
2.4.4下列词组中，动名词和不定式都可以作宾语，但区别很大：
（1）stop doing / to do
①stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
②stop doing 停止做某事。
（2）forget doing / to do
①forget to do忘记要去做某事。（未做）
②forget doing 忘记做过某事。（已做）
（3）remember doing / to do
①remember to do记得去做某事（未做）
②remember doing记得做过某事（已做）
（4）regret doing / to do
①regret to do对要做的事遗憾。（未做）
②regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。（已做）
（5）cease doing / to do
①cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。
②cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。
（6）try doing / to do
①try to do 努力，企图做某事。
②try doing 试验，试着做某事。
（7）go on doing / to do
①go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
②go on doing 继续做原来做的事。
（8）be afraid of doing / to do
①be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为“怕”。
②be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。
（9）be interested in doing / to do
①be interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
②be interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing通常为想法。
（10）mean doing / to do
①mean to do 打算去做某事
②mean doing 意味着某事
（11）begin (start) doing / to do
①begin / start to do sth
②begin / start doing sth
（12）learn to do / doing
①learn to do表示学会做某事
②learn doing表示曾学过
动名词作定语
例如：
drinking water饮用水
walking stick手杖
smoking room吸烟室
动名词作定语一般表示所修饰词的用途
动名词定语和不定式定语的区别
2.6.1动名词定语在它所修饰词的前面，而不定式定语要放在它所修饰词的后面。
The swimming pool belongs to our school.

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