动词不定式用法归纳
● 动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。
● 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
● 动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。
1. 作主语 可以直接作主语。
如： To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people．
It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．
规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，it仅作形式主语。
如：It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．
2. 作宾语
✓ want，decide ，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如： We agreed to start early． She wants to be a doctor．
✓ love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。
提示：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。
如： I like swimming， but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。
✓ 特别注意: stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
但后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
如: 1）stop to do sth．停止一件事，去做另一件事。
Stop doing sth．停止正在做的事。
比较：When the teacher came in， the students stopped talking；当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；
when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？
✓ 在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep．
I feel it easy to recite the text．
3. 作宾语补足语
✓ tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如： I tell him not to go there by bus ．
Edison's mother taught him to read and write．
✓ let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch， notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。
如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day．
I heard her sing in the next room．
提示：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。
如： They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss．
She was heard to sing in the next room．
4. 作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 .
如：I have a lot of work to do． The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy．
规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。
如： I have a small bedroom to live in． Have you got some pens to write with？
5. 表语：放在连系动词be后面 .
如：His wish is to become a scientist． The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives． 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6. 作状语
✓ 目的状语：放在go，come，use，live，in order等词后面。
如： I come to see you． He runs fast in order to get there in time．
✓ 原因状语：放在sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited等词后面。
如： I am glad to see you here． I am sorry to trouble you．
begin和start区别✓ 结果状语。
如： Some of the apples are hard to reach．
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people．
6. 与what，who，whose，when，where， how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
如： I don't know what to do next．（宾语）
He taught us how to use the computer．（宾语补足语）
It's still a question how to get there．（主语）
热身练习：
根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It's time for us _________（have）supper．
2. Would you like ___（go）shopping with me？
3. It took us half an hour __________（work）out the problem．
4. He is old enough _________（join）the army．
5. I feel strange _________（have）a twin sister．
6. I am very glad _________（meet）you here．
7. They prefer _________（stay）at home rather than go out．
8. We saw them _________（come）into the room just now．
9. What he said made me _______（feel）sorry．
10. I am sorry．I forgot __（tell）you the news．
11. His plan is _________（spend）a few days in the mountains．
12. Have you got anything _________（say）？
13. Have you decided which one __（choose）？
14. Do you know when _________（start）？
15. He is too weak ___（carry）the big stone．
Key: 1. to have； 2. to go 3. to work 4. to join 5. to have 6. to meet 7. to stay 8. come 9. feel 10. to tell 11. to spend 12. to say 13. to choose 14. to start 15. to carry
巩固联系：
1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____.
A. for learning it B. for learning how
C. how to learn it D. to learn how
2. Paul said, "Give me a chair _____."
A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on
3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going.
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