2021届高考英语语法填空之代词与连词
一：基础知识
1．填代词
it的用法是考查的重点。特别是it作形式主语和形式宾语的句型中。也可能考查人称代词。
典例 ①：Now it occurred to _him__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
剖析：句意：现在看来，好像他的农场是非常有潜力的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。It occurred to “某人突然发现……”，这是一个固定的句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是约翰逊(Johnson)，故填him。
典例②：The frozen parts of the city also make _it__ easier for residents to skate around.
剖析：这里考查的是it作形式宾语的情况。分析句子结构可知，make是谓语动词，easier是宾语补足语，不定式是真正的宾语，用it作形式宾语代替了。
2．填并列连词
分析句子结构，如果空格前后是两个并列的成分，如两个并列单词、短语或者句子等，而且相互并列的成分之间为并列、转折、选择、因果关系，这时候就要填并列连词。
典例①： In much of Asia, especially the so－called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan，Korea，_________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
[解题步骤]
①分析句子结构→句子缺少连词
②根据句子中的逻辑关系判断空格前列举的三个国家与空格后的Vietnam是并列关系
③尝试解答：_and__
3．填从句连接词
从句连接词是指引导状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句的引导词。判断空格处要填哪类引导
词，首先要分析句子成分，看看它引导哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
典例1：Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________ she opened with her late husband Les.
[解题步骤]
①分析句子→判断此处是非限制性定语从句
②判断先行词在从句中所作成分→作opened的宾语
③判定先行词是shop，先行词指物
④尝试解答：_which__
典例2：On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _______ gives off light in the dark.
[解题步骤]
①分析句子→判断此处是限制性定语从句
②判断先行词在从句中所作成分→作主语
③判定先行词是cloth，先行词指物
④尝试解答：_which/that__
典例3：Self－driving is an area _________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
[解题步骤]
①分析句子→判断此处为限制性定语从句
②判断关系词在从句中所作成分→在句中作状语
③判断先行词是area，先行词指地点
④尝试解答：_where__
典例4： This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
[解题步骤]
①分析句子结构→空格所在句在系动词is之后→判断此处为表语从句
②根据从句中所缺成分→从句中缺少taught的宾语
③尝试解答：_what___
典例5 ：_________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
[解题步骤]
①分析句子结构→句子缺少连词
②根据句意→if表示条件
③尝试解答：_If__
二：真题梳理
On our way to the house，it was raining __1.so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __2.to_get__(get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __3.of__ dogs，seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters ___4.who__ had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __5.recommended__(recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __6petition__(compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many __7.traditional__(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ___8.h
ugely__(huge) popular with tourists.On the last day of our week－long stay，we __9.were_invited__(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___10.listening__(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
文章大章：主题：人与自我(生活)；话题：旅行经历。本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的一次旅行经历。
1．解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是so...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词hard。
method形容词
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是it takes some time to do sth.结构，意为“花费多长时间做某事”。
3．解析：考查介词。a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一……”。
4．解析：考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
5．解析：考查时态。此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
6．解析：考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的an interesting可知，此处应填动词compete的名词形式competition。
7．解析：考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。
8．解析：考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with非常受……欢迎。
9．解析：考查时态和语态。事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
四：课后练习
（A）
How would you feel if you woke up and found your information in the computer—including your photos,your recent documents—no longer 　1　(access)?What if you found out that they had been wiped from your computer, 　2　(leave) you with nothing but heartache? 
Guess what?It happens to people every single day.Every day,people across the country head into their local Apple store in 　3　(tear),broken computer in hand,praying as they wait in line 　4　 an expensive repair might,just might,recover the priceless,irreplaceable files.A few get lucky. 　5　 for the rest,there’s nothing anyone can do 　6　(help). 
Hasn’t it happened to you?If your computer remains unprotected,it will,and it’s only 　7　 matter of time.But thanks to recent breakthroughs in computer backup(备份) technology,you now have a number of options to choose from,and if you’re smart,when your computer 　8　(crash),you shouldn’t have any trouble 　9　(get) 100% of your files back that same day.I’m not talking about an external hard drive.I’m talking about an online backup solution that runs 　10　(quiet) in the background on your computer.If you have on
e installed (安装),when your computer crashes,you’ll be just one click away from bringing your files back to life. 

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