专题四　语 法 填 空
最易得分的题型，但要求扎实的基础知识
[2017年全国卷考情导向]
(对应学生用书第40页)
模式1| 有提示词
[命题角度]
动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词
形容词转换副词
形容词、副词的比较级
名词、代词的数和格
词汇派生
考查动词八种时态和语态的基本构成形式。
考查动词的­ing，­ed形式和不定式形式。　
考查形容词后加­ly或­ily变为副词。
考查形容词、副词变为比较级的基本构成形式。
考查单数名词变成复数名词的基本构成形式。
考查加前缀或后缀转化而来的派生词。
[考题感悟]
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be        (care) not to go to extremes.
careful　[考查派生词。be后应接形容词作表语，故填careful。]
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the        (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts.
introduction　[考查派生词。冠词后表示“介绍”应用名词形式，故填introduction。]
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several        (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
invitations　[考查名词的数。several几个，其后的名词要用复数形式，故填invitations。]
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt        (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
are removed　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are removed。]
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term        (rest)．
resting　[考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事，为固定搭配，故填resting。]
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even        (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
worse　[考查比较等级。even后应跟比较级，表示程度的加深，故填worse。]
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been        (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
fairly　[考查派生词。修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词形式，故填fairly。]
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required        (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
to process　[考查非谓语动词。require sb./sth. to do sth.需要某人/物做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以用不定式作主语补足语，故填to process。]
9．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow        (be) often acceptable.
is　[考查主谓一致。本句的主语是动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorr
ow，是单数，故谓语动词用is。]
10．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I        (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
arrived　[考查时态。由主句中的was raining可知，这里使用一般过去时。]
11．(2017·日照市一模)Every country has        (it) own banknotes, so it is hard to say which is the most beautiful one.
its　[考查代词的格。代词修饰其后的名词应用所有格形式，故填its。]
12．(2017·南昌市三校联考)He had a keen interest in solving problems      (meet) in everyday life.
met　[考查非谓语动词。此处met为非谓语动词作定语修饰problems，由于problems与meet为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。]
13．(2017·衡阳市模拟)The festival is one of the four        (large) ice and snow festivals in the world!
largest　[考查比较等级。此处表示四个最大的冰雪节之一，故填largest。]
14．(2017·佛山一中模拟)Finally I refused to attend classes，        (shut) myself in my room for hours.
shutting　[考查非谓语动词。此处逗号后应用现在分词短语作伴随状语，故填shutting。]
15．(2017·太原五中检测)If you have time, you should witness the true  (beautiful) of the China's landmark.
beauty　[考查派生词。形容词true修饰名词method形容词，表示“真正的美”，故填beauty。]
16．(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)It is very difficult for parents to decide whether
      (have) a second child or not.
to have　[考查非谓语动词。decide后用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，故填to have。]
17．(2017·成都市模拟)All in all, every student should behave        (he) and keep away from violence.
himself　[考查代词。behave oneself为固定搭配，表示“举止规范”，故填himself。]
18．(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)Long        (consider) a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generally acknowledged to be the peak of Chinese fiction.
considered　[考查非谓语动词。逗号后为句子的主体，逗号前应用非谓语动词作状语，consider与the novel为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。]
19．(2017·包头市模拟)As Father and Mother thought it was a big occasion for me, they suggested I        (hold) a birthday party at home to celebrate it.
(should) hold　[考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”时后面宾语从句的谓语动词应用(should)＋动词原形，故填(should) hold。]
20．(2017·宝鸡市模拟)It's natural that young people are often        (comfortable) when they are with their parents.
uncomfortable　[考查派生词。根据句意，年轻人在父母面前应该是有所拘束，故此处加否定前缀表示“不舒服的”。]
[技法点拨]
技法1 当提示词为动词时，若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所填之词就是谓语动词，这时就要考虑时态、语态和主语的数。
(2017·本溪市模拟)Most players are traded(trade) to another team at least three times in their careers.
(2017·赤峰市模拟)He wrote(write) this postcard and sent it to his lovely sister Nell in January 1916.
技法2 当提示词为动词时，若句子中已有谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所填动词通常是非谓语动词，这时就要确定是动词­ing形式，­ed形式，还是不定式形式。
(1)作目的状语只能用不定式的一般式，可位于句首或句尾。
(2017·邯郸市模拟)To overcome(overcome) these shortcomings, Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048.
(2017·绵阳市模拟)Today, many scientists go there to study(study) its resources and work together for progress and peace.

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