英语发音规则
英语语音名词解释
1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [ŋ] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。 | 0-01 | 2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。 例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如:长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er | 0-02 | 3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 | 0-03 | 4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name these bike home excuse | 0-04 | 5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup | 0-05 | 6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如:stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如: about before excuse repair forget-ful inven-tor | 0-06 | 7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如:el-e-phant con-grat-ula-tion 词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:scientific impression nation | 0- | | |
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一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | a | 在开音节中 | [e] | name plane Jane baby cake | 1-01 | 在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | 1-02 | e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese | 1-03 | 在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | 1-04 | i | 在开音节中 | [a] | bike fly drive time nice kite | 1-05 | 在闭音节中 | [] | fish big drink sit milk swim | 1-06 | o | 在开音节中 | [u] | those close go hoe home no | 1-07 | 在闭音节中 | [] | clock not box shop sock | 1-08 | u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday | 1-09 | 在闭音节中 | [] | bus cup jump much lunch | 1-10 | 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super | 1-11 | | | | | |
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二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | a | [] | China another woman breakfast | 2-01 | [] | orange comrade village cabbage | 2-02 | e | [] | hundred student open moment | 2-03 | []] | chicken pocket begin children | 2-04 | i | []/[]] | holiday beautiful family animal | 2-05 | [a]] | exercise satellite | 2-06 | o | [] | second tonight somebody welcome | 2-07 | [u] | also zero photo | 2-08 | u | [] | autumn difficult | 2-09 | [ju(:)] | popular congratulation January | 2-10 | 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate | 2-11 | u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue | 2-12 | | | | |
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三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | a在[w]音后面 | [] | want what watch wash quality | 3-01 | a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | 3-02 | i在gh -gn -ld -nd前 | [a] | high light sign child find | 3-03 | o在-st -ld前 | [u] | most postcard old cold | 3-04 | o在m n v th前 | [] | come monkey love mother | 3-05 | | | | |
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四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | ar ar在[w]音后面 | [:] | car farm dark sharpener | 4-01 | [:] | warm quarter towards | 4-02 | or or在[w]音后面 | [:] | forty morning short | 4-03 | [:] | word worker worse | 4-04 | er ir ur | [:] | certainly bird Thursday | 4-05 | 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry berry mirror sorry hurry | 4-06 | -r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday | 4-07 | | | | |
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五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | are | [e] | care dare hare | 5-01 | ere | [] | here mere | 5-02 | ire | [a] | fire hire wire | 5-03 | ore | [:] | more score before | 5-04 | ure | [ju] | pure cure | 5-05 | 重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。 例如:parent zero inspiring story during | 5-06 | 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如:orange very American paragraph forest spirit | 5-07 | 完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure 非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如:salary | 5-08 | | | | |
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六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | ai/ay | [e] | afraid rain wait day play | 6-01 | air | [e] | air hair chair pair repair | 6-02 | al al 在 f m 前 | [:] | small ball talk wall all | 6-03 | [:l] | always also salt almost | 6-04 | [:] | half calm | 6-05 | au/aw | [:] | autumn daughter draw | 6-06 | ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | 6-07 | [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | 6-08 | [e] | break great | 6-09 | ear | [] | hear dear near clear year | 6-10 | [e] | bear pear wear swear | 6-11 | [:] | earth learn early | 6-12 | ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | 6-13 | eer | [] | pioneer deer beer | 6-14 | ei/ey | [e] | eight neighbour they | 6-15 | eu/ew 在 j l r 后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | 6-16 | [u:] | flew brew jewelry | 6-17 | ie/[s]音后拼写为ei | [i:] | piece field receive seize | 6-18 | oa | [u] | coat Joan boat goal | 6-19 | oar/oor | [:] | roar board door floor | 6-20 | oi/oy | [] | noise point boy toilet | 6-21 | oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | 6-22 | [u] | book look cook foot good | 6-23 | ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | 6-24 | [u] | know row throw though | 6-25 | [] | young country enough | 6-26 | [u:] | group you soup through | 6-27 | our | [:] | course your four | 6-28 | [au] | our hour ours | 6-29 | [:] | journey | 6-30 | ui ui 在j l r s后 | [ju:] | annuity continuity | 6-31 | [u:] | juice fruit suit | 6-32 | | | | |
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