Linux专业术语中英文对照
（A）
帐户名称（Account Name）— 等同于登录标识、用户标识或用户名。是指派给 UNIX/Linux 系统上用户的名称。可以在系统上对多个用户设置唯一的帐户名称，每个用户具有不同的访问（权限）级别。在安装完 Linux 之后，帐户名称由超级用户（Superuser）或 root 操作员指派。
Account Name – Same as Login ID, User ID, or User Name. The name assigned to a user on a UNIX/Linux system. Multiple users can be set up on a system with unique account names, each with varying access (permission) levels. After Linux installation, account names are assigned by the Superuser, or root operator.
AfterStep— 用户界面（窗口管理器）之一，AfterStep 使得 Linux 的外观很象 NeXTSTEP，而且还有些增强功能。
AfterStep– One of several user interfaces (window managers), AfterStep makes Linux look a
nd feel much like NeXTSTEP, with enhancements. For more on AfterStep, go to (Also, see Enlightenment, GNOME, KDE, and X Window System.)
Awk（Aho、Weinberger 和 Kernighan） — 一种编程语言，因其模式匹配语法而特别有用，通常用于数据检索和数据转换。一个 GNU 版本称为 Gawk。
Awk (Aho, Weinberger, and Kernighan) – A programming language useful for its pattern-matching syntax, and often used for data retrieval and data transformation. A GNU version is called Gawk.
APM（高级电源管理，Advanced Power Management） — 一种工业标准，它允许系统处理器和各个组件进入省电模式，包括挂起、睡眠和关机。APM 软件对于移动设备尤为重要，因为它节省了电池电量。
APM (Advanced Power Management) – An industry standard for allowing the system processor and various components to enter power-saving modes, including suspend, sleep and off. APM software is especially important for mobile devices, because it saves battery power.
附加符号（Append Symbol）— 两个键盘字符 >（也就是 >>）。通常用它将命令的输出发送到文本文件，将数据附加到文件的尾部，而不是替换现有的内容。例如，ls -a >& 将当前目录列表发送到名为 的文件，并将其添加到该文件的尾部。重复执行该命令会不断地将新数据添加到文件尾部。
Append Symbol – The > keyboard character, repeated (i.e., >>). It is often used to send the output from a command to a text file, appending the data to the end of the file, rather than replacing the existing content. For example, ls -a >> sends the current directory list to a file , and adds it to the end of the file. Repeating the command will continue to add new data to the end of the file. (Also, see Piping Symbol and Redirection Symbol.)
归档文件（Archive）— 含有多个文件的单个大型文件，通常对其进行压缩以节省存储空间。经常创建归档文件以方便计算机之间的传送。流行的归档格式包括 ARJ、TAR、ZIP 和 ZOO。它们都可以用来创建这样的归档文件。
Archive – A single large file containing multiple files, usually compressed to save storage s
pace. Often created to facilitate transferring between computers. Popular archival formats include ARJ, TAR, ZIP and ZOO. Also, to create such an archive file.
ARJ— 流行的文件压缩／归档工具，可以用于 UNIX/Linux、DOS/Windows 和其它操作系统。用这种方式压缩的文件的扩展名通常是 .arj 或 .ar。
ARJ – A popular file compression/archival tool, available for UNIX/Linux, DOS/Windows, and other operating systems. Files compressed in this manner typically have .arj or .ar extensions.
（B）
后台进程（Background Process）— 运行时无须用户输入的程序。可以在诸如 UNIX/Linux 之类的多任务操作系统上运行多个后台进程，而用户则与前台进程交互（例如，数据输入）。有些后台进程（例如守护程序）从来都不需要用户输入。其它一些进程只是在用户忙于目前运行于前台的程序时才临时处于后台。
Background Process – A program that is running without user input. A number of backgrou
nd processes can be running on a multitasking operating system, such as UNIX/Linux, while the user is interacting with the foreground process (for example, data entry). Some background processes–daemons, for example–never require user input. Others are merely in the background temporarily while the user is busy with the program presently running in the foreground. linux中文名
Bash（Bourne Again SHell） — Bourne Shell 的增强版。
Bash (Bourne Again SHell) – An enhanced version of the Bourne Shell.
BDF 字体— 用于 X Window 系统的各种位图字体。
BDF Fonts – A variety of bitmapped fonts for the X Window System.
Bean — JavaBeans 体系结构的组件。
Beans – Components for the JavaBeans architecture.
Beowulf— 由相对廉价的计算机（包括 PC）组成的网络，这些计算机可能使用不同的处理
器和硬件体系结构，由 Linux 和特殊的系统级软件将它们联合成一个海量并行计算系统。最终结果是一个能够以较低成本获得超级计算机计算能力的系统。这类系统对于诸如气象建模之类的计算密集型任务而言是非常理想的，因为可以将计算分配到几十、几百甚至几千个同时运行的独立处理器上。有时也称为―Beowulf 级超级计算机‖或者超级集计算机。
Beowulf – A network of relatively inexpensive computers (including PCs), potentially using different processors and hardware architectures, united by Linux and special system-level software into a massively parallel computing system. The end result is a system capable of supercomputer computation at a much lower price. This sort of system is ideal for compute-intensive tasks such as weather modeling, because the calculations can be divided among dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of separate processors all running simultaneously. Sometimes referred to a ―Beowulf-class supercomputer‖, or a super-cluster or hyper-cluster. For more on Beowulf technology, read the following
Bin— 一个含有可执行程序的目录，这些程序主要是二进制文件。
Bin – A directory containing executable programs, primarily binary files.
二进制文件（Binary）— 已被编译成可执行程序的源代码。在 UNIX/Linux 世界里，有些软件仅作为源代码分发；有些软件包既包含源代码又包含二进制文件；还有一些软件包则只以二进制文件格式分发。 Binaries – Source code that has been compiled into executable programs. In the UNIX/Linux world, some software is distributed as source code only; other packages include both source and binaries; still others are distributed only in binary format.
引导盘（Boot Disk）— 一张软盘，其中含有操作系统（如 Linux）引导（启动）计算机并从命令行运行一些基本程序所需的足够内容。如果因某种原因导致系统表现为无法引导，那么引导盘是必需的。引导盘还用于对硬盘进行分区和格式化、恢复主引导记录（Master Boot Record）或者复制特定文件等。
Boot Disk – A diskette (floppy) containing enough of an operating system (such as Linux) to boot up (start) the computer and run some essential programs from the command line. This may be necessary if the system was rendered non-bootable for some reason. A boot disk can be used to partition and format the hard drive, restore the Master Boot Record, or copy specific files, among other things.

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