英语 名词复数形式
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
一、规则    例词
1、一般情况在词尾加-s：map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2、以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es：class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3、以-f或-fe结尾的词，变-f和-fe为v再加-es：leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives。加-s：belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4、以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es：party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5、以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s：toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6、以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词，一般加-es：hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes。不少外来词加-s：piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos。两者皆可：zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7、以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加radio复数-s：radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8、以-th结尾的名词加-s：truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
二.、不规则名词复数：
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则    例词
1、改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2|、单复数相同：sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
3、只有复数形式：ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4、一些集体名词总是用作复数：people, police, cattle, staff
5、部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）：audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
6、复数形式表示特别含义：customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7、表示“某国人”加-s：Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形    ：Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
    以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women、Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8    、合成名词    ，将主体名词变为复数：sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
    无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数：grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
    将两部分变为复数：women singers, men servants

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