高中英语:基础动词、名词变形规则
一、动词的三单变化
【三单就是he,she,it;以及可以用he,she,it代替的名词。】
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加'-s'或'-es'。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
语法 | 基础不规则动词变化一览(口诀版)
二、名词的复数变化
名词复数的规则变化是:
①一般在词尾加“s”如:desk+s [-ks] bag+s [-gz] bed+s[-dz] hat+s [-ts]
②以字母 s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词变复数,通常在词尾加“es”,如:bus+es [-iz] box+es [-iz] brush+es [-iz] watch + es [-iz]
③以字母o结尾的名词变复数, 一般在词尾加“s”,也有加es的,如:photo+s [-z] tomato+es [-z]
④以f或fe结尾的名词一般变f或fe为v再加es,例如:
knife─knives[-vz] leaf─leaves [-vz]
⑤以'辅音字母+y'结尾的名词,变复数时改y为i,再加es, 如: baby ─ babies factory─factories
1、单复数同形
Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep -sheep deer -deer
2、 this 这个these这些(复数) that那个 those那些(复数) I 我 we我们(复数) he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她们(复数) am ,is是 are(复数)
3、其他常见不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
例:There are ____ in the field. They're eating grass.
A. a horse B. much horses
C. many horse D. many horses
答案:D
例:Look at the _____. You can see ____ and ______.
A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes,radioes
radio复数B. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radios
C. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios
D. photoes; potatos, tomatos, radioes
答案:C
名词复数的不规则变化就需要我们记忆了
child ─children fish─fish foot─feet
man ─ men woman ─ women tooth ─ teeth
sheep ─ sheep
注意:某些名词只有复数形式,例如:people (人们) clothes (衣服) trousers (裤子) police (警察) glasses (眼镜)
动词的单数第三人称变化规则
规则1 一般情况词尾直接加s
e.g. like—likes, look--looks, get--gets
规则2 以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾加es
e.g. go--goes, do--does, pass--passes, fix--fixes, catch--catches, wash--washes
规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i再加es
e.g. carry—carries, fly--flies
规则4 以元音字母+y结尾, 直接加s
e.g. play--plays, stay--stays, pay--pays, buy--buys
规则5 不规则变化
e.g. have--has
动词的单数第三人称发音规律
大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如:
stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s]
read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]
以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 。如:
fly-flies [z]; carry-carries [z]
study-studies [z]; worry-worries
以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz]。 如:
teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz]
以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 。如:
go-goes [z] do-does [z]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。 如:
close-closes [iz]
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。如:
1、do [du:]-does [dz]
2、say [sei]-says [sez]
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