《富兰克林⾃传》中有⽤的英⽂表述⼩记
《⾃传》中有很多精彩的长句⼦，以及⼀些很实⽤的短语和谚语，故在读书时⼀⼀记录之。
This afterwards occasion'd me a good deal of uneasiness。  这后来使我处于尴尬的境地。Doing fitness afterwards made me stay health.
I have since kept several Lents most strictly, leaving the common diet for that, and that for the common, abruptly, without
the least inconvenience, so that I think there is little in the advice of making those changes by easy gradations. --⾃此之后我守了⼏个Lents(四旬斋），从普通饮⾷到素⾷，⼜从素⾷到普通饮⾷。如此突然的变换并没有什么不变。所以我认为那种要逐步过渡的建议没有什么道理。
以上翻译，主要是leaving ... for ...的意思要理解。以及there is little是指“没有”。少加了⼀个a就是没有，这种基础知识要牢固才看的懂。More of him hereafter  关于他，以后会说更多
Mr. Hamilton and his son (it was James, since governor)  since governor是指“即后来的总督”
late general: late 做已故讲；late President Kennedy 已故总统肯尼迪
Mr. Denham contracted a friendship for me 与我结下了友谊
there was a secret scheme on foot to the prejudice of Hamilton  : 有⼀个侵害Hamilton的阴谋。
rubbed on from hand to mouth  : 仅能糊⼝的⽣活。from hand to mouth就是刚到⼿⾥就没了。
This, however, he deemed a business below him  ：business below him 对他来说是⾼才低就
he changed his name, and did me the honor to assume mine  ：did me the honor 赏光给我（冒⽤我的名字）
acquaint: 在此书中常被⽤指告知，通知的意思
furnish: 这个词出现频率很⾼。意为给某⼈提供。furnished me with several particulars relating to our ancestors.
having on his account lost her friends and business  因为他的原因，她失去了朋友和她的买卖。
advancing for the service of my own money, upwards of one thousand pounds sterling, of which I sent him an account -------account在这⾥做账单讲
notwithstanding the master's protection, I found myself oblig'd to comply and pay the money, convinc'd of the folly of being on ill terms with those one is to live with continually.  ---尽管有主⼈的保护，我发现⾃⼰还是被迫顺从并且交钱。我意识到与⾃⼰朝⼣相处的⼈交恶是愚蠢的。注意分析the folly of xxx就是做XXX事是愚蠢的。 on ill terms with 就是交恶。
occasion在书中常⽤来做引起，导致的意思。eg：my uncommon quickness at composing occasioned my being put upon all work
of dispatch, which was generally better paid
keeping good hours： 作息规律
In a garret of her house there lived a maiden lady of seventy, in the most retired manner, of whom my landlady gave me this account：xxx    --在房⼦的阁楼住着⼀位七⼗岁还保持处⼥之⾝的⼥⼠。她深居简出。我的房东太太告诉我关于她的⼀些事情：xxx 。 there lived: 那⼉住着⼀位xxx  in  retired manner, 与世隔绝的 account这个词在书中多次⽤来做 xxx的原因讲。 这⾥⽤来做解释，说明
as near as might be done in those circumstances 在那种环境下尽⼒⽽为
how she, as she liv'd, could possibly find so much employment for a confessor?  不说could possibly fin
d so much to confess,⽽说find so much employment for a confessor.
draw in ，吸引某⼈⼲某事。
George Webb, an Oxford scholar, whose time for four years he had likewise bought, intending him for a compositor, of whom more presently ------likewise：同样地。即同上个⼈⼀样，George Webb的四年⼯期也是从⼀个船长那⾥买的。 of whom more presently ：关于此⼈还有更多叙述
keep his head much longer above water:  拉某⼈⼀把，不⾄于覆灭
notwithstanding the master's protection, I found myself oblig'd to comply and pay the money, convinc'd of the folly of being on ill terms with those one is to live with continually.  ---尽管有主⼈的保护，我发现⾃⼰还是被迫顺从并且交钱。我意识到与⾃⼰朝⼣相处的⼈交恶是愚蠢的。注意分析the folly of xxx就是做XXX事是愚蠢的。 on ill terms with 就是交恶。
so that erratum was in some degree corrected -----in somedegree xxed.
the inhabitants of the city were deserting it one after another 城⾥的居民⼀个接⼀个地离开
I was not above my business  -------我不是甩⼿掌柜
and I went on swimmingly.-------go on swimmingly  很顺利地，顺风顺⽔
lived some years in very poor circumstances------过了⼏年穷困潦倒的⽣活
at length ----在书中经常做“最终”讲
notwithstanding the master's protection, I found myself oblig'd to comply and pay the money, convinc'd of the folly of being on ill terms with those one is to live with continually.  ---尽管有主⼈的保护，我发现⾃⼰还是被迫顺从并且交钱。我意识到与⾃⼰朝⼣相处的⼈交恶是愚蠢的。注意分析the folly of xxx就是做XXX事是愚蠢的。 on ill terms with 就是交恶。
parents and young persons are left destitute of other just means of estimating and becoming prepared for a reasonable course in life, your discovery that the thing is in many a man's private power, will be invaluable! -------destitute：贫乏、缺乏、贫穷    just：有“正确的，正义”的意思。⽗母和年轻⼈缺乏正确的评估和为合理的⼈⽣做好准备的⽅法。
关于Conduct的⽤法：
1.man should arrange his conduct so as to suit the whole of a life  此处当“⾏为”讲。
2.Such a conduct is easy for those who make virtue and themselves in countenance by examples of other truly great men, of whom patience is so often the characteristic---也当“⾏为”讲
3. I had still an opinion of its propriety, and of its utility when rightly conducted , rightly conducted，译本翻译为“搞好了” ，适当地进⾏
This style of writing seems a little gone out of vogue-----out of vogue 不时髦
Considering your great age,  ---great age：年事已⾼
with a personal application to your proper self.----your goodself /your proper self：敬称，⾜下，阁下，贵⽅
after having settled so many points in nature and politics  -------settle point这⾥当解决问题讲
As I have not read any part of the life in question, but know only the character that lived it, I write somewhat at hazard-----这⾥的question是指“被提及的”。the player we questioned is Mark Williams.我们提到的选⼿是M.W。somewhat的⽤法也值得学习。
Should they even prove unsuccessful in all that a sanguine admirer of yours hopes from them, you will
at least have framed pieces to interest the human mind; and whoever gives a feeling of pleasure that is innocent to man, has added so much to the fair side of a life otherwise too much darkened by anxiety and too much injured by pain. In the hope, therefore, that you will listen to the prayer addressed to you in this letter, I beg to subscribe myself, my dearest sir, etc., etc.  ----这句话有⼏处值得学习：
1， should they ....  即使如何如何
2，whoever ..., do sth..  谁做了。。。，谁就。。。
3，darkened by anxiety, injured by pain.
4. in the hope that you will do sth  希望你能做...
5. prayer，不是指祈祷者，⽽是指请求
6. subscribe myself，使我⾃⼰得到认可；subscribe做认可讲。例如I've personally never subscribed to the view  我从不认可这种观点。注意和⽂中⼀样，view做观点讲
dispose，这个词看着眼熟却总是不知道什么意思。⼀个意思是处置，解决，另⼀个是使倾向于。例如di
spose the nuclear wast，处理核废料。⽂中的even envy will be disposed to do you justice by plucking those assumed feathers, and restoring them to their right owner  即使嫉妒都倾向为你主持正义，拔掉那些假冒的⽻⽑，将荣耀归于应得者。assumed意为假冒。⽂中还有⼏处提到假冒的，后续再读到时加在这⾥
Seest thou a man diligent in his calling, he shall stand before kings, he shall not stand before mean men----可背诵。seest：古语，看见。calling，职业。
He that would thrive, must ask his wife----谚语，可背诵
And like him who, having a garden to weed, does not attempt to eradicate all the bad herbs at once, which would exceed his reach and his strength, but works on one of the beds at a time, and, having accomplish'd the first, proceeds to a second ----------也是he who/that的⽤法，指某⼈
represent的用法My conduct might be blameable, but I leave it, without attempting further to excuse it; my present purpose being to relate facts, and not to make apologies for them.---我的 ⾏为 也许 该受 责难， 但我 随它去， 不做 进⼀步 的 辩解， 因为 我 眼下 的 ⽬的 是陈述 事实， ⽽ 不是 替 它们 辩护。  ------leave it ，随它去；excuse it，为它辩解，借⼝；后半句⽤being，⽽不⽤was，注意这种⽤法也通，虽然不太符合语法；relate有“陈述”的意思，不仅是联系的意思；注意本书也有⽤account做记述、陈述的地⽅
⽤来表⽰陈述、记述的单词：statement, address, account, relate, express, represent, allege, describe,
I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous, was not
sufficient to prevent our slipping; and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. -----------理解这句话的关键在于speculative和conviction。简单的翻译⼯具将speculative翻译为投机，实际上该词还有“思考的，推测的，揣摩的”意思；convition通常是指“定罪”，实际上还有“信念，说服”的意思。uniform也不是统⼀的意思，⽽是“始终如⼀”的意思
Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.  ---wrong sb. 是伤害某⼈的意思。本书中看到两次⽤到；omitting the benefits that are your duty.----意思是不要对你应尽的义务熟视⽆睹，⽽不是放弃你的义务给你带来的好处。
Temperance----这个词经常出现，是指节制的意思。
moderation：温和，节制，克制；humility: 谦逊。 moderate的意思不是谦逊！错了好多年.modest才是谦逊。
my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time that I improv'd in virtue, and considering that in conversation it was
obtain'd rather by the use of the ears than of the tongue, and therefore wishing to break a habit I was getting into of prattling, punning, and joking, which only made me acceptable to trifling company, I gave Silence the second place  ------------my desire "that" being ... 中间加个that就顺了。  rather by A than B, 意思是要取A，⽽不是B。at the same time that I improv'd in virtue----这⾥的that是指"the same time"，指那段时间。
Length of days is in her right hand, and in her left hand riches and honour. Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.  ---------Solomon箴⾔，length of day指寿命，这⾥可以引申为长寿
I had not been early accustomed to it, and, having an exceeding good memory, I was not so sensible of the inconvenience attending want of method. -----------读了三遍才读懂。want这个词在此书中经常做 “缺少”的意思。attending want of method 伴随缺乏⽅法
I found myself incorrigible with respect to Order--------incorrigible：⽆可救药
every now and then------不时地，这个词组在本书中经常出现
it was not possible to be exactly observed by a master, who must mix with the world-----------observed在此处不是观察到的意思，⽽是遵守的意思
To Temperance he ascribes his long-continued health  -----ascribes to：归因于。注意这⾥倒着说：to temperance he ascribe to. 正着说应该是he ascribes his long-continued health to temperance. 倒着说应该是为了强调
To Temperance he ascribes his long-continued health, and what is still left to him of a good constitution; to Industry and Frugality, the early easiness of his circumstances and acquisition of his fortune, with all that knowledge that enabled him to be a useful citizen, and obtained for him some degree of reputation among the learned; to Sincerity and Justice, the confidence
of his country, and the honorable employs it conferred upon him; and to the joint influence of the whole mass of the virtues, even in the imperfect state he was able to acquire them, all that evenness of temper, and that cheerfulness in conversation, which makes his company still sought for, and agreeable even to his younger acquaintance.  ------这个长句值得欣赏。To ascribe 延伸⾄后⾯的句⼦，省了ascribe。下⾯是⼀个⽐较好的翻译（⽐kindle上的好) 他把他长期的健康和他那迄今还强健的结实体格归功于节制；他早年境遇的安适和他的财产的获得和⼀切使他成为⼀个有⽤公民和使他在学术界得到
⼀些声誉的知识，这⼀切当归功于勤勉和俭朴。国家对他的信任和国家给他的光荣的职位当归功于诚恳和公正。他的和⽓和他谈话时的愉快爽直当归功于全部这些品德的总影响，即使他不能达到尽善尽美的境地。由于他谈话时的愉快爽直，即使在晚年他还颇受⼈们的欢迎，甚⾄年轻的友⼈们也喜欢与他交往。  -------还有⼀个值得注意的地⽅是这⾥使⽤了第三⼈称，这就没有给⼈⼀种⾃夸的感觉
attend这个词，在本书中常做伴随/带来讲。例如： I purposed writing a little comment on each virtue, in which I would have shown the advantages of possessing it, and the mischiefs attending its opposite vice;
I did, indeed, from time to time, put down short hints of the sentiments, reasonings, etc., to be made use of in it, some of which I have still by me; but the necessary close attention to private business in the earlier part of thy life, and public business since, have occasioned my postponing it; for, it being connected in my mind with a great and extensive project, that required the whole man to execute, and which an unforeseen succession of employs prevented my attending to, it has hitherto
remain'd unfinish'd.  ------------put down是指“记下，记录” short hints是短的提⽰
My list of virtues contain'd at first but twelve; but a Quaker friend having kindly informed me that I was generally thought proud; that my pride show'd itself frequently in conversation; that I was not content w
ith being in the right when discussing any point, but was overbearing, and rather insolent, of which he convinc'd me by mentioning several instances; I determined endeavouring to cure myself, if I could, of this vice or folly among the rest, and I added Humility to my list) giving an extensive meaning to the word. ---------------这⼀段也很好。
a Quaker friend having kindly informed me that I was generally thought proud; that my pride show'd itself frequently in conversation; that I was not content with being in the right when discussing any point, but was overbearing, and rather insolent, of which he convinc'd me by mentioning several instances; I determined endeavouring to cure myself, if I could, of
this vice or folly among the rest, and I added Humility to my list) giving an extensive meaning to the word.
I cannot boast of much success in acquiring the reality of this virtue, but I had a good deal with regard to the appearance of it. I made it a rule to forbear all direct contradiction to the sentiments of others, and all positive assertion of my own. I even forbid myself, agreeably to the old laws of our Junto, the use of every word or expression in the language that imported a
fix'd opinion, such as certainly, undoubtedly, etc., and I adopted, instead of them, I conceive, I apprehe
nd, or I imagine a thing
to be so or so; or it so appears to me at present. When another asserted something that I thought an error, I deny'd myself the pleasure of ontradicting him abruptly, and of showing immediately some absurdity in his proposition; and in answering I began by observing that in certain cases or circumstances his opinion would be right, but in the present case there appear'd or seem'd to me some difference, etc. I soon found the advantage of this change in my manner; the conversations I engag'd
in went on more pleasantly. The modest way in which I propos'd my opinions procur'd them a readier recep tion and less contradiction; I had less mortification when I was found to be in the wrong, and I more easily prevail'd with others to give up their mistakes and join with me when I happened to be in the right.  --------这⼀整段说的⾮常好。对争强好胜的⼈很有教益。
And to this habit (after my character of integrity) I think it principally owing that I had early so much weight with my fellow-citizens when I proposed new institutions, or alterations in the old, and so much influence in public councils when I became a member;  --------这⾥的语法和上⾯的ascribe to差不多，把to this habit放在前⾯，owing放后⾯。it owing to this habit. it⽤that修饰。如果不会这种表达⽅式，同样的意思就很不⽅便表达，因为it指代的东西太长了。
My ideas at that time were, that the sect should be begun and spread at first among young and single men only; that each person to be initiated should not only declare his assent to such creed, but should have exercised himself with the thirteen weeks' examination and practice of the virtues) as in the before-mention'd model; that the existence of such a society should he kept a secret, till it was become considerable, to prevent solicitations for the admission of improper persons, but that the members should each of them search among his acquaintance for ingenuous, well-disposed youths, to whom, with prudent caution, the scheme should be grad ually communicated; that the members should engage to afford their advice, assistance, and support to each other in promoting one another's interests, business, and advancement in life; that, for distinction, we should be call'd The Society of the Free and Easy: free, as being, by the general practice and habit of the virtues, free from the dominion of vice; and particularly by the practice of industry and frugality, free from debt, which exposes a man to confinement, and a species of slavery to his creditors.  --------这⾥每⼀个that都指代了⼀个idea
I am still of opinion that it was a practicable scheme, and might have been very useful, by forming a great number of good citizens; ------i am of opinion that ...这种⽤法在书⾥常见。我认为。。。
These proverbs, which contained the wisdom of many ages and nations, I assembled and form'd into a connected discourse prefix'd to the Almanack of 1757, as the harangue of a wise old man to the peopl
e attending an auction. The bringing all these scatter'd counsels thus into a focus enabled them to make greater impression. The piece, being universally approved, was copied in all the newspapers of the Continent; reprinted in Britain on a broad side, to be stuck up in houses; two translations were made of it in French, and great numbers bought by the clergy and gentry, to distribute gratis among their poor parishioners and tenants. In Pennsylvania, as it discouraged useless expense in foreign superfluities, some thought it had its share of influence in producing that growing plenty of money which was observable for several years after its publication.----------这⼀长段话，值得注意的是这⾥的it： In Pennsylvania, as it discouraged useless expense in foreign superfluities, 英⽂⾥的it要特别注意，有时指前⾯相距较远的事物；有时⽤了定语从句，指后⾯描述的事物。这⾥就是指前⾯的，指历书。
About the year 1734 there arrived among us from Ireland a young Presbyterian preacher, named Hemphill, who delivered with a good voice, and apparently extempore, most excellent discourses, which drew together considerable numbers of different persuasion, who join'd in admiring them.-------------注意there arrived⽤法（如果是我写⼀定会写成a young ... came to Philadelphia），以及后⾯的who, which , who的连⽤。长句⼦的典型写法。
met with more success---------meet with success, 这种⽤法在此书中常见。取得成功。
It was managed by the constables of the respective wards in turn;--------respective：这个词经常见到，不是尊敬地 之意，⽽是各⾃的，相对的。
The settlement of that province had lately been begun, but, instead of being made with hardy, industrious husbandmen, accustomed to labor, the only people fit for such an enterprise, it was with families of broken shop-keepers and other
insolvent debtors, many of indolent and idle habits, taken out of the jails, who, being set down in the woods, unqualified for

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