易错点07 非谓语动词
易错考点【01】后加动词不定式与动名词的固定用法辨析及其否定结构
好多学生因为对一些固定用法掌握不牢,而用错动名词或不定式。
中考常考后接动词不定式的常考词有:begin,choose,continue, decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan, prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等。
后加动名词的可以借助口诀来帮助记忆:完成练习值得忙( finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 继续习惯别放弃( keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like);    喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
动词不定式的否定结构:not to do sth. 
动名词的否定结构:not doing sth.
易错考点【02】动词不定式和动名词的作主语用法辨析
动名词主语多表习惯或一般,Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
不定式作主语时,一是表目的,二是多用it 做形式主语。It’s adj to do sth.
To get there faster, you can take the taxi.
易错考点【03】现在分词与过去分词的辨析
1.语态区分 :现分表主动或正在进行如a moving film, developing countries
过分表被动或已完成,    如the moved people, the risen sun
2.作宾补:宾补
    现分作宾补,主动关系,I heard him singing in the classroom.
    过分作补,被动关系。He will have his hair cut after school.
    不定式,重过程,I saw him cross the road.
    现分,重正在进行I saw him crossing the road .
易错考点【04】使役动词和感官动词后加不定式作宾补
    一感二听三让四看 (feel, hear, listen to, make, let ,have , see, look at , watch ,notice) 主动语态省略to,    被动语态还原to.
    The boss made them work for 12 hours a day.
    They were made to work for 12 hours a day .
易错考点【05】特殊词后加动名词与不定式辨析。
doing 多表事已做,  stop talking 停止谈话(原来正在谈话). To do 事没做,stop to talk 停下来去谈话(原来没谈话)。中考常考高频相似词:remember, try , go on, forget…
易错考点【06】 介词to, 后加动名词。
超级易错考点,学生看见to, 就用to do. 记住几个中考常考短语,即可避免掉入陷阱。
make contributions to doing…为……做贡献 devote oneself to doing… 致力于…… look forward to doing… 期盼…… prefer doing to doing…比起……更喜欢……
易错考点【07】 need, require , want后接动名词等于接不定式的被动式。have sth. done表被动。
    这个考点,学生出错率相当高,容易错用成to do 形式。如:The flowers need watering.
The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day.(  )
A.practise    B.practising   
C.to practise    D.practised
答案详解:practise练习。选项A是动词原形;选项B是动词的ing形式;选项C是动词不定式;选项D是过去式。根据观察和分析可知题干使用了spend time (in)doing sth句型结构,意思是"花时间干某事",因此本题正确答案是B。所以选 :B。
(句子大意:这位年轻的运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。)
1. The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country.(  )
A.sell    B.selling    C.to sell    D.sold
答案详解:sell出售,动词原形;selling动名词/现在分词;to sell不定式;sold过去式。enable sb to do sth"使某人做某事"固定搭配,填to sell。所以选 :C。
(句子大意:互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。)
2.Kung fu is a traditional Chinese martial art that focuses on ________ both the balance and the strength.(  )
A.training    B.to training   
C.to train    D.train
答案详解:focus on doing sth"集中精力做某事",on是介词,后接doing形式。所以选 :A。
(句子大意:功夫是中国传统武术,注重平衡和力量的训练。)
3.Students are encouraged _______ independently and critically in our school.(  )
A.think    B.to think    C.thought    D.thinking
答案详解:根据题意"我们学校鼓励学生独立地思考和批判地思考"可知,考查固定用法encourage to do sth."鼓励做某事";所以to think符合要求。所以选 :B。
(句子大意:我们学校鼓励学生独立思考和批判地思考。)
______ too much sweet food will make people get fat.(  )
A.Eating    B.Eats    C.Eat    D.Ate
答案详解:分析句子可知,空格部分在句中作主语,因此使用动名词形式。所以选 :A。
(句子大意:吃过多的甜食会使人发胖。)
1.__________ those cotton shirts ___________ will take much more time.(  )
A.Wash;by hand    B.To wash;by hands   
C.Wash;with hands    D.Washing;by hand
答案详解:根据题干可知用手洗这些棉质的衬衫将会花更多的时间,其中本句是一般将来时,动名词短语作主语,即washing those cotton shirts作主语,按排除法可直接选D.其次by hand强调用手,而不是其他机器或者手段,with hands表示用手去做某事,题干中指用手洗而不是洗衣机洗将花更长时间,则第二空应用by hand.所以选 :D.
(句子大意:用手洗这些棉质的衬衫将会花更多的时间.0
2.It's important for the disabled ______the ability to make a living.(  )
A.to haverequire名词    B.have    C.having    D.has
答案详解:分析句子可知,本句为It's important for sb to do sth为固定句型,意为"做某事对某人来说是怎么样的",it为形式主语,真正的主语为to do不定式。所以选 :A。
(句子大意:对残疾人来说,有谋生的能力是很重要的。)
3.It takes David two hours ______books every day because he wants to be a writer when he grows up.(  )
A.to read    B.reading    C.reads    D.to reading
答案详解:根据句意:大卫每天花两个小时读书,因为他长大后想成为一名作家。It takes sb some  time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事。所以选 :A。
(句子大意:大卫每天花两个小时读书,因为他长大后想成为一名作家。)
—Do you know there are more than 3,000 languages _____in the world?
—Sorry,I have no idea.(  )
A.speaking    B.spoken    C.speak    D.spoke
答案详解:根据题干,可知languages和speak是被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语,表被动。所以选 :B。
(句子大意:﹣你知道世界上有3000多种语言吗?﹣对不起,我不知道。)
1.—Who should I send this message to,Betty?
—Mr. Green is the one    .(  )
A.to send it    B.to send it to    C.to send to
答案详解:结合句意可知:格林先生就是信息接受者。回答的句子完整的表达应该是:Mr. Green is the one to send the message to.第一个to是动词不定式的标志,作定语修饰前面的名词 the one;第二个to是介词,表示发送的对象,即,send the message to the one.所以选 :B。
(句子大意:-我应该把这个信息发给谁,贝蒂?-格林先生是那位要给他发信息的人。)
2.—Look! There are some students ____ basketball on the playground.
—Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there.

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