一、被动语态的构成形式
一、被动语态的构成形式 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be，过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态 例 My bike was stolen last night. 的被动语态形式为: 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
例A new cinema is being built here( 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It，be，过去分词
4) was/were done 一般过去时 ，that从句”或“主语，be，过去分词，to do sth.”。有:
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. It is said that… 据说,
5) had been done 过去完成时 It is reported that…据报道，
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. It is believed that…大家相信，
6) was/were being done 过去进行时 It is hoped that…大家希望，
例A meeting was being held when I was there. It is well known that…众所周知，
7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 It is thought that…大家认为，
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. It is suggested that…据建议。
8) should/would be done 过去将来时 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (,The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) 1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动
例The project will have been completed before July. 词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用) 例 This kind of cloth washes well.
例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 试比较:The door won't lock( (指门本身有毛病)
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词，be，过去分词。 The door won't be locked( (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out,
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢,
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 式表示被动意义。 require名词
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 例Your reason sounds reasonable.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 1( 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，
其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词，介词”，“动词，副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个 例The house needs repairing(to be repaired)(这房子需要修理。
整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 2( 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 形式。
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 例The picture-book is well worth reading((,The picture-book is very worthy to be read()
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式
例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 的主动形式表示被动含义。
二、 如何使用被动语态 例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon( (to do与things是动宾
关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post The glass was broken by the boy( (被动语态)
动作的执行者。) 2(如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
4. 在某些“形容词，不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常 例The door is locked( (系表结构)
用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting The door has already/just been locked((被动语态)
等。 3(被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完
例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me). 成时态。
5( 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 例 The machine is being repaired(

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