高中英语被动语态
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态be+过去分词构成, be 随时态的变化变化。 do 为例,
各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done ( 过去分词 ) 一般现在时
2 has /have been done 现在完成时
3 am/is /are being done 现在行时
4 was/were done 一般过去时
5 had been done 过去完成时
6require名词 was/were being done 过去行时
7 shall/will be done 一般将来时
8 should/would be done 过去将来时
9 shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)
10 should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+ be+过去分词。
The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,一宾语
保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother
for his birthday.
3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式
作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要to
Someonesaw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要
把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 ( 一般时态与完成时态 )
I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在些情中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语 )
My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer .
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、 It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可
以用于句型“ It be+过去分词+ that 从句”或“主语+ be+过去分词+ to do st h. ”。有:
It is said that 据说,It is reported that 据报道, It is believed that 大家相信, It is hoped
高中英语被动语态
that 大家希望, It is well known that 众所周知, It is thought that 大家认 It is suggested that
据建议。
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (= The boy is said to have passed the
national exam.
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词如 break catch clean drive lock open sell read write wash 等,当它
们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 , 主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态强调界作用成的影
试比 The door won't lock (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked (指不会有人来锁门 , 指“门没有锁”是人的原
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词与短语,如: happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come
about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的
3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在主系表
结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式的主动形式表被动意义
1 needwant require, bear 等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定
式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing to be repaired ).这房子需要修理。
2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而 worthy 后面跟动词不
定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading .(= The picture-book is very worthy to be read .)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时,又与句中一名词或词构成主谓关
, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do things 是动宾关系,与 I 是主谓关系。 )
试比 I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语
态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行 )
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾
语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。 这些形容词有 nice easyfit hard difficult important
impossible pleasant interesting 等。
This problem is difficult to work out . (可看作 to work out 省略了 for me .

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