高中英语非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词作主语
表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，
表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，
有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词
Seeing is believe. To see is to believe.
动名词的完成式一般不做主语（动名词表示一个事）
It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had  B. Having had  C. Have  D. Having（B为什么不行）
It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.（D为什么不行？）
A. to have  played  B. playing    C. played    D. having played
________ the homework made his father lose his temper.  （但复合结构可以）
A. The boy’s not having done  B. The boy not having done
C. The boy’s having not done        D. The boy having not done
what在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答
What made your brother so delighted?
___ for his progress.
A. His teacher praised him    B.  His being praised by his teacher
C. His teacher having praised him D. He was praised by his teacher
B
非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语
有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语
这类及物动词常见的有：
agree (同意) , ask (请、要) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起agree 同意ask 要求apply 申请care (想要) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算)  , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希望)等等promise 答应want 想要wish 希望
有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语
下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：
admit 承认advise 建议allow 允许appreciate 感激avoid 避免consider 考虑delay 推迟deny 否认discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢enjoy 喜爱escape 逃脱excuse 原谅fancy 设想finish 完成forbid
禁止forgive 原谅give up 放弃imagine 想像keep 保持  mention 提及mind 介意miss 没赶上pardon 原谅permit 允许practise 练习prevent 阻止?摇prohibit 禁止put off 推迟report 报告risk 冒险stop 停止suggest 建议understand 理解feel like想做某事
有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别
forget ，remember跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式，还未作
mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味着
try  to do , 尽力作某事；try doing, 尝试着作某事
want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被动；
regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔；regret to say, 很抱歉的说
like hate doing, 经常性的，like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事，used to do 过去经常做某事be used to do被用来做
can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事can’t help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事
stop doing 停止正在做着的某事；stop to do停下来做别的事情
go on doing继续做原来做的事  go on to do接着干别的事情
forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something
except, but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to, 否则要带to
There is nothing to do except ___ till it stops snows.  C
A. to wait  B. waiting  C. wait  D. waits
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）
非谓语动词作表语
1.表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语
( 表示某一次，如果主语中有do时，不定式省略to)
2. 动名词作表语同进行时的区别
require名词
动名词作表语时是说明主语的职责和功能等，和主语是对等关系，没有正在进行之意， 而现在分词有正在进行之意
如：My job is looking after the children. (looking 为动名词)
He is looking after the baby. (looking 为现在分词)
3现在分词和过去分词作表语时相当于-ed形容词和-ing形容词。
-ing 形容词，令人。。。的；-ed形容词，令人感到。。。的，有被动意味。
动词短语
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事，used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do被用来做
can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事 can’t help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事
stop doing 停止正在做着的某事； stop to do停下来做别的事情
go on doing继续做原来做的事  go on to do接着干别的事情
forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something
非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较
1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语
a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。　动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：
________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk    B. Walking    C. To walk  D. Walk
(分析)　a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选　B
b. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
It’s kind of you to help us.
注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：
It’s no good / use doing sth.
It’s useless doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
a、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.　（主表语要用同一种形式）
b、分词作表语
记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)， surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，　disappoint (失望)，move　（感动），
如：The movie is exciting.  We are excited at the news.
c、在seem / appear (似乎，好像)， prove　/ turn out (被证明是)， remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：　He seemed (to be ) very happy.
Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (to be seen)

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