非谓语动词
非谓语动词。在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其它语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。
    非谓语动词的时态和语态的不同形式
require名词
动词不定式
动名词
分词
主动
to do
doing
doing（同时，主动）
被动
to be done
being done
done（被动，完成）
进行主动
to be doing
进行被动
being done进行，被动
主动完成
to have done
having done
having done（主动，完成一般作状语)
被动完成
to have been done
having been done
having been done(被动，完成一般作状语）
非谓语动词在句中的作用
主语
宾语
表语
补语
定语
状语
不定式
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动名词
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分词
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一：分词(现在分词和过去分词，分别表示：主动，行进&被动，完成)
1)作定语
The girl standing by the window is my sister.
=The girl who is standing by the window is my sister.
This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.
= This is a book which was written by a famous Chinese writer.
2) 作状语（一般表示时间，原因，条件，伴随）有时可将从句中when/while /unless/if等保留
(While/When)Walking in the street ,I saw her.
=While/When I was walking in the street ,I saw her.（表示时间）
Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.
=When our school is seen from the hill,it looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们学校更美了。（表示被动）
Being busy, he can`t come.
=As he is busy, he can`t come.由于忙，他不能来。（表示原因）（As being busy,....此说法错误）
Given more time ,I can do it better.
=If I am given more time ,I can do it better.
He stood there,losing himself in thought.
=He stood there,losing himself in thought.（表示伴随）
=He stood there, lost in thought.
The teacher sat there ,surrounded by the students. （表示伴随）
3）作表语
The news is surprising.(令人---)
I was sursprised at the news.(---人自己感到--)
The door is closed.
4)作补语,常跟分词作补语的动词有
see，hear,watch,notice,observe,listen to ,look at, keep,have,等
We watched the teacher doing the experiment.我们看着老师在做实验。
=The teacher was watched doing the experiment.
I saw him taken away by the police.我看见他被警察带走了。
=He was seen taken away by the police.
You should have your hair cut.你应该理发了。
Don`t have the horse running so fast.不要让马一直跑这么快。
注意：have sb do=let sb do无被动语态
Have him do it by himself.=Let him do it by himself.让他自己做。
注意：with +宾语+doing/to do/done
With you standing here,I can`t work.你站在这儿，我没法工作。
He was brought in , with his hands tied behind.他的手捆在背后被带进来了。
With a lot of work to do, I can`t go with you.有许多工作要做，我不能和你去。
5）分词的时态和语态
Having been given/Given a wrong address ,I could not find his house.由于给了我一个错误的地址，我没能到他家。
=As I had been given a wrong address, I could not find his house.
Having been there several times I know how to get there.
=As I have been there several times I know how to get there.由于我去过那儿好几次，我知道去那儿的路。
The question being discussed now is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。=The question which is being discussed now is very important.
注意：非谓语动词的否定形式（否定词not放在非谓语动词之前）
Mother told me not to make noise.
His not coming made me disappointed.
Not knowing what to do,I asked the teacher for help.
注意：分词的逻辑主语
Time permitting,I will go with you.=If time permits,I will go with you.时间允许的话，我就和你一道去。
注意：
1)To tell the truth,/To be honest,I am against your plan.说实话，我不赞成你的意见。
2)Judging by his clothes ,he is not so poor.从他的衣着看，他不太穷。
3）Strictly speaking, your opinion isn`t the same as mine.严格说来，你的意见与我的不同
4)do but do
I could do nothing but wait here.=I had no choice but to wait here.我别无它法，只能呆在这儿。
5）)compared to/with作状语时用过去分词
Compared with /to her mother,she is tall.和她妈比起来她很高了。（作状语）
注意．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.（作定语）
compared    B．comparing    C．compares    D．being compared
二．动名词
1.作主语。表示泛指意义时多用动名词作主语。
eg.Smoking is bad for your health.抽烟对你的健康不利。
常见固定搭配：1）It is no good /use/useless doing---
eg.It is no use telling him about it.告诉他这件事没有用。
2）在There is no doing---.
There is no joking about the matter.这事开不得玩笑。
3）No doing--.=Don`t do ---.
eg.No smoking here.=Don`t smoke here.不要再这儿吸烟。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2.作表语
My job is teaching English.
=Teaching English is my job.
注意：动名词作主语时可以主表对调。
3.作宾语，常接动名词作宾语的动词有(动词 doing)
permit,allow,admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,give up ,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pratise,put off,,risk,suggest,can`t help情不自禁，can`t stand无法
忍受insist on，等词后还有介词后
eg .He has finished doing his work.他已经做完工作。
I can`t imagine marrying such a man.我不能想象与这样的人结婚。
Are you fond of dancing.你喜欢跳舞吗？
但是有些动词后即可加to do—也可加doing—作宾语，但意思不同。
1）like/love/hate to do一般表示具体的某一次动作
  like/love/hate doing一般表示习惯性动作
但should/would like/love to do—
eg.I should like to be taken to Bei jing.我想把我带到北京去。
Would you like to go with me?你愿意和我一道去吗？

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