初三短语宝山初中补习班宝山寒春补习班新王牌
Lecture Two
Vocabulary XSJ
delay /d?'le?/ v. 延期，延迟=put off
n. 耽搁
eg. The meeting has been delayed. 会议已经被延迟了。
The train has been delayed for an hour. 火车晚了一个小时。
fog/f?ɡ/n.雾foggy a.多雾的The weather report said it’s foggy today.天气预报说今天有雾。
delighted/d??la?t?d/ a. 高兴的，愉快的，快乐的be delighted with sth
expect /?k'spekt/ v. 期待，盼望expectation n. 期待，盼望
fetch/fet?/ v. 取，拿来
major/'me?d??(r)/ a.主修的，主要的eg. The house needs major repairs. 这幢房子需要大修。
n. 主课，专业eg. My major is English. 我的专业是英语。
overseas a. 海外的，国外的
ad. 在海外，在国外eg. I never took the chance to work overseas.
rather than 可作连词词组使用，连接两个并列成分，表示在两者中间进行选择，意为“是A 而不是B ”、“要A 不要B ”、“宁愿A 而不愿B ”等，后面可以接名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词和动词不定式等。
1. 名词例如：
He is a writer rather than a teacher.
与其说他是教师，不如说他是作家。
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
要受责备的是约翰，而不是他的室友们。
require名词The job will take months rather than weeks.
完成这项工作需要几个月，而不是几个星期。
2. 代词例如：
You, rather than she, are my guest.
你是我的客人，而不是她。
We are to blame rather than they.
该受责备的是我们，而不是他们。
3. 形容词例如：
The colour seems green rather than blue.
这颜似乎是绿的，而不是蓝的。
It was made shorter rather than longer.
它被缩短了，而不是加长了。
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.
这些鞋子与其说漂亮，不如说舒服。
4. 副词例如：
The ship sank quickly rather than slowly.
船沉得很快，而不是很慢。
He usually gets up early rather than late.
他经常起得早，而不是起得晚。
5. 动词例如：
She left rather than stayed at home.
她不是呆在家里，而是走了。
Rather than cause trouble, he went away.
他宁可走开而不愿惹麻烦。
Rather than have the radio repaired，he’d like to buy a new one.
与其修理那部收音机，他想还不如买一部新的。
6. 介词短语。例如：
I’d prefer to read in the library rather than at home.
我宁愿在图书馆看书，也不愿在家里看书。
I’d prefer to do it in this way rather than in that way.
我喜欢这样做，而不愿意那样做。
He went to the park in the evening rather than in the morning.
他喜欢晚上去公园，而不喜欢早上去。
7. 动词的－ing 形式。例如：
She likes dancing rather than singing.
她喜欢跳舞，而不喜欢唱歌。
It is snowing rather than raining outside.
外面在下雪，而不是在下雨。
She is laughing rather than crying.
她是在笑，而不是在哭。
8. 过去分词。例如：
He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired.
他宁愿重建房子，而不愿修缮。
9. 句子。例如：
We should help him rather than he should help us.
我们应该帮助他，而不是他应该帮助我们。
It was what he meant rather than what he said.
那是指他话中的意思，而不是他所说的话。
用法拓展：
prefer to do…rather do…宁可做……也不愿做……eg. I prefer to get up early rather than go to school without breakfast.我宁可早起也不愿意不吃饭上学。
would rather do…than do …宁可做……也不愿做……eg He would rather paint the wall on his own than have the painter do it. 他宁愿自己刷这墙也不愿意请油漆工刷。
would do…rather than do…宁可做……也不愿做……eg. I would die rather than disgrace myself.我宁死不屈。
注意：rather (…) than除了做连词以外，还可以用作介词。相当于instead of。
例：
Their actions made the situation more and more serious rather than helping it.他们的行为使局势越来越糟糕而没起到帮助的作用。
I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不想吃米饭。
tourism n. 旅游，观光tourist n.游客
friendliness /'frendl?n?s/ n. 友谊，友好friendly a. 友好的
the Pacific Ocean =the Pacific太平洋
Pacific Islands 太平洋岛屿
Vocabulary NJ
pole /p??l/ n. 杆子post pole
comorant / 'k?:m?r?nt/n. 鸬鹚
elderly a. 上了年纪的
注意：elder 指较年长的,特别是用于比较家庭成员。如:elder brother=older brother哥哥但不可与than 连用只用于修饰名词。elderly是委婉用语意为上了年纪的，外国人一般不说old man而用elderly man 代替，the elderly泛指老人。
require v. require sb to do要求某人做某事require sth of sb 向某人要某物require that +should虚拟语气requirement n. 要求
rod /r?d/ n. fishing rod 钓鱼竿
set off phr. 出发，动身，点燃，引起set off to do sth/ set off for some place
eg. Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off. 这些烟火要格外小心, 稍有火星就能引起爆炸。
bamboo /?b?m'bu:/n. 竹子
so that （表目的）为了，以便= in order to do/ so as to do/…enough to do eg.The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.
swallow /'sw?l??/ v. 吞咽，咽下eg. When he swallows, he feels pain. 当他吞咽的时候，就会感到疼痛。up and down phr起伏上下，上下波动
bang/b??/ v.(banged, banged) 敲打，砸
n. 巨响，猛撞
eg. There was a bang as the gun was fired. 当开的时候，有一声巨响。
He banged the water with his pole. 他用他的杆子敲打着水面。
hang (hung/hung; hanged, hanged) v. 悬挂
rest n. 剩余the rest of …
traditional /tr??dnl/ a.传统的
skill n. 技能，技巧skillful a. 熟练的
skin n. 皮肤
mention /'men?n/ v. 提到eg. Why do I mention these? 为什么我要提这些呢？
situation /?s?t?u?e??n/ n. 场景，情形eg. But the situation looks better now. 现在情况有所好转。
Grammar
我们已经学习了英语的五大基本句型和句子一些基本成分，你现在可以复述出来吗？但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语
一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’
表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something, nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

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