名词性从句
一、概念及种类：
在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句在复合句中担任主语、宾语
（动词宾语及介词宾语）、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分)
1. How the book will sell depends on its author.                            [    主语    ]
2. John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.                    [    宾语    ]
3. The fact is that he has not been seen recently.                            [    表语   ]
4. The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.     [    同位语    ]
5. He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.                            [    宾语    ]
6. It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.                        [    主语    ]
二、引导名词性从句的连接词：
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类：
连接词：that, whether, if
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.
连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why
特殊连接词：because, as if/though,
when（当---时候），where（在---地方）（多做表语从句）
That / Wh-clause + v. +…              主语从句
S. + be / link-v. + that / wh-clause      表语从句
S. + vt. + that / wh-clause              宾语从句
S. + vi. + prep. + wh-clause            宾语从句
三、考点精讲：
考点一：that 的用法及省略
that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分require名词，没有具体的意义, 一般不能省略。
1) that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义，其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思；
2) 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句, that不可省略；
3) 引导单个宾语从句中可省略；多个宾语从句中的第一个可省；
4) that 从句不充当介词宾语，但可以作介词in , except , but的宾语且that不能省略。
注意：that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种
结构表达。 
(A) It is clear / certain / likely / true / surprising that…
(B) It is a pity / shame / good idea / no wonder / an honor / a pleasure / a surprise / that …
(C) It is said / reported / believed / known / thought / suggested that …
(D) It seems / happens that … 。如： 
It happened that I went out last night. 
It is said that China will win in the World Cup.
考点二：whether 和 if 的区别
用whether或if填空，并说出知识依据。
1. The question of ___________________ they are male or female is not important.  whether
2. I have not decided _______________ to go or not.  whether
3. I didn’t know ______________ or not he had arrived in Wuhan. whether
4. The question __________________ he’ll attend the meeting is not decided. whether
5. __________ they can do it matters little to us. whether
6. I don’t know __________ she can finish the task in such a short time. whether/if
知识归纳：
1. ________________________________________________________________________；
2. ________________________________________________________________________； 
3. ________________________________________________________________________；
4. ________________________________________________________________________；
考点三：that 与what 的区别
思路分析：（从词性和用法——从句中的成分两个角度）
that 是_______，在从句中____________且____________；只有在_______中有时可以省略；
what 是__________，在从句中必须担当__________、_________或___________。
That Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.
We have reached what is called XinJie kou.
用what 或 that 填空：
1. ___________ he needs is more practice. What
2. ___________ he got the first place in the competition surprised us. That
3. The truth is _________ I didn’t go there.  that
4. He is not __________ he used to be 20 years. what
5. _________ impressed me most was _______ such a little boy could play the violin so well. What  that
解题依据：___________________________________________________________________
考点四：疑问词 + ever 和no matter + 疑问词的区别
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.                     _________________从句
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.                 _________________从句
Whoever/No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.     _________________从句
No matter what you do, you must do it well.                     _________________从句
思考归纳：
1）疑问词 + ever引导_______________________________________________。 
2）no matter + 疑问词引导___________________________________________。
考点五：who, whoever, whom, whomever 的区别
一、who(m) 引导的从句为疑问语气，意思是“谁”，而who(m)ever引导的从句没有疑问语气，意思是”无论谁“。
区分依据：______________________________________________________________。
二、who / whoever 可以作从句的主语、宾语，whom / whomever 只作宾语
1. Give it to _______ you think can do the work well.  B
A. who            B. whoever            C. whomever          D. those
2. ________ has a good education can apply for the job.  B
  A. Who          B. Whoever            C. Anyone              D. Whomever
3. The how to book can be of help to       wants to do the job.    (09陕西)  D
A. who          B. whomever          C. no matter who          D. whoever
4. Could I speak to         is in charge of International Sales please?        (09海南) C
A. who      B. what            C. whoever      D. whatever

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