非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。　
例:Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (, 动名词起名词作用）　Do you know the man wearing a white shirt？（wearing ... 分词起形容词作用）He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用）
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：1.动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
非谓语动词的特征：
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。                          　
Studying English is my favorite. To help him is my duty.
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. Working under such a condition
is terrible.
3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。　
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
There are two big swimming pools here.  Our coming made him happy. I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
非谓语动词的形式变化：
1．不定式　  主　动    　 被　 动
  一般　 　to write    to be written
  进行 　to be writing          /
  完成　to have written    　to have been written
  完成进行　to have been writing    /
                          　  2．现在分词  主　动    　被　 动
  一般　  writing　  　 　being written
  完成  having written　  having been written
                          　
3．过去分词    一般  written
                          　
4．动名词　  主　动  　  　 被　 动
  一般  writing  　 　being written
  完成 having written　    having been written
动 词 不 定 式由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
  1作主语：To mast a language is not an easy thing.
　动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
  It's very kind of you to have given us much help.
　2作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. 
What I wish is to learn English well.
　3作宾语补语:  We expect you to be with us.
　4作表语：What I should do is to finish the task soon.
　5作定语：There are many ways to solve the problem.
6作状语： We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 　
动词不定式的否定形式：  not + to + 动词原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
带疑问词的不定式：疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet.
带逻辑主语的不定式：动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是：for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It's necessary for us to help each other.
动词不定式的时态：一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。   
I helped him put the things into the car.
完成时： 表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。 We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行。They seem to be working hard.
动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。He is the man to be examined.
分  词由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed。
1．作定语China is a developing country.  The girl singing for us is ten years old.
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后；如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity. The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.
分词和动名词都可以作定语，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是分词， 否则判断为动名词。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）a swimming pool 游泳的池子 （动名词）
2．作状语　Being a student, he likes to help others. 　Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.    She is there waiting for us. Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.                          　
3．作表语 The story is interesting . We are interested in computer. The glass is broken.     
4．作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。  I saw him walking in the street. I heard them singing in the classroom. We found the boy sleeping.
have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。
　I have my hair cut. 　She has her bike repaired. （别人修理的） They have their house rebuilt.
5．分词的否定形式：not + 分词
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.
6．分词的时态：一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。Seeing the teacher is coming,the students stopped playing.    Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.
完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。 Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.　Having had my supper, I went out for a walk. Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.
7．分词的被动形式：表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。　The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.　
动 名 词1.词性:名词(宾语、主语、表语,少用作定语)2.时态与语态
一般时: writing (被动being written)
完成时:have written (require名词被动 having be written)

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