动名词
1、动名词的用法
1） 作主语.
Seeing is believing.
Collecting information is very important to business men.
Fighting broke out between the south and the north.
Walking is good exercise.
Smoking may cause cancer.
Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 
Swimming develops the muscles.
通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如：
It's nice talking with you. 
It's no use arguing with him. 
It is no use sending him over. It’s too late already.
It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.
2） 作表语
Her job is teaching.
Teaching is learning.
This food smells inviting.
The only thing that interests her is dancing.
My favorite sport is swimming.
To keep money you have found is stealing.
3） 作宾语
He is fond of playing football.
He finished reading the book yesterday.
Your shoes need polishing.
Jim dislikes eating chocolate.
She can’t help crying at a sad movie.
The doctor advised taking exercise.
Would you mind filling out this form?
The thief admitted entering the house.
Have you finished correcting the students’ papers?
有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如：
⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事
chance doing 冒险试一试做某事
⑵forget to do 忘记要去做某事
forget doing 忘记曾做过某事
⑶go on to do 接着又做另一件事
go on doing 继续做同一件事
⑷remember to do 记得要去做某事
remember doing 记得曾做过某事
⑸stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
⑹try to do 努力做某事
try doing 试一试做某事
⑺regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾
regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾
⑻mean to do 打算／想做某事
mean doing 意味着／意思是做某事有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如：
⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事
chance doing 冒险试一试做某事
⑵forget to do 忘记要去做某事
forget doing 忘记曾做过某事
⑶go on to do 接着又做另一件事
go on doing 继续做同一件事
⑷remember to do 记得要去做某事
remember doing 记得曾做过某事
⑸stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
⑹try to do 努力做某事
try doing 试一试做某事
⑺regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾
regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾
⑻mean to do 打算／想做某事
mean doing 意味着／意思是做某事
4） 作定语
He has a reading room.
一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途
例如:a writing desk =a desk for writing  写字台              a smoking room  吸烟室  swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池              a walking stick  手杖                                a fighting post  战斗岗位
有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如：
a smiling face 笑脸
a leading figure 领导人物
动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如：
easy-going man 好说话的人
swimming pool 游泳池
sleeping-pill 片
dining-car 餐车
当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。
She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.
= She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai.
她乘坐了去上海的火车。
There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park.
= There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park.
在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。
5)  动名词作状语 
动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间)
打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。
Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间)
进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。
Being ill, he couldn't go to school. (原因)
因为生病，他不能去上学。
Having no interest in the topic, he didn't go to the lecture. (原因)
由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。
Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件)
只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。
Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件)
利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。
Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步)
(尽管)成绩是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。
My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果)
我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。
Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式)
我们坐火车访问了好多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。
2、接动名词作宾语的情况
1）在下列动词后接动词作宾语时用动名词形式：
admit , advise ,  recommend , suggest , allow , anticipate ,  appreciate ,avoid , ban , confess , complete ,consider , delay , deny(否认), detest(讨厌), dislike , encourage , endure , enjoy , ensure , escape , excuse , face , fancy（想象） , feel like , finish , forbid , forgive , give up , imagine , involve, include , keep , mention , mind , miss , omit , pardon , permit , postpone(推迟) , practise , prevent , put off , quit , recall , resist , risk , resent（讨厌），save , stand（忍受），tolerate （忍受）, understand , help, resume（继续）
举例：
(1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
2）在下列动词后面直接跟动词作宾语时用动名词；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再接动词作宾语补足语，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
allow ,    advise ,    encourage ,    forbid ,    permit ,    recommend
                                smoking here  require名词
We don’t allow
students to smoke here.
taking a holiday
I recommend.                       
you to take a holiday
learning English by radio.
They encouraged
me to learn English by radio.
3）动词need, require , want 作“需要”解，deserve作“应得”解其后跟动词作它的宾语表示主语是该动作的受动者时，必须用动名词主动式（或不定式的被动式）表示被动意义，例如：
needs
The window      requires            cleaning.
      wants              to be cleaned.
hanging.
He deserved
to be hanged.
4） excuse ,forgive, pardon 后接动名词时通常需要在动名词之前加上形容词型的物主代词，也可接宾格人称代词+ for + -ing 。例如：
my
Excuse                  opening your letter by mistake.
              me for
my
Forgive                  interrupting you.
              me for
5）介词后面接动名词。
admit to  承认                          add to    增加                               
amount to  等于                      apply oneself to    致力于           

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