Linux系统扩容根⽬录磁盘空间的操作⽅法
⼀、使⽤背景
Linux根⽬录磁盘空间不够⽤了,当修改了虚拟机模版增加磁盘⼤⼩或者插⼊了⼀块新硬盘,但是发现系统⾥的⼤⼩还是没改变。
产⽣的原因是没有给磁盘格式化,没有增加分区。
⼆、操作⽅法
1. 查看磁盘空间⼤⼩,使⽤df -h 命令,发现挂载根⽬录节点的/dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root 只有28G容量。
root@ubuntu14:/opt# df -h
⽂件系统容量已⽤可⽤已⽤% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root 28G 23G 3.3G 88% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev
tmpfs 799M 384K 799M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /run/shm
none 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
/dev/vda1 236M 37M 188M 17% /boot
2. 增加磁盘空间,例如下图使⽤VM虚拟机增加的⽅式。
3.使⽤fdisk -l命令查看磁盘信息。当看到第⼀⾏Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB与实际df -h显⽰内容不符时,说明增加磁盘成功了。root@ubuntu14:/opt# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
设备启动起点终点块数 Id 系统
/dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 501758 62912511 31205377 5 扩展
/dev/vda5 501760 62912511 31205376 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root: 29.8 GB, 29804724224 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3623 cylinders, total 58212352 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-swap_1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders, total 4194304 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
4.使⽤fdisk /dev/vda, 创建新分区。
注意:不同操作系统的磁盘命名⽅式不同,有些是/dev/sda。具体使⽤⽅式参考第三步中fdisk -l⾸⾏显⽰Disk。如笔者在该系统中⾸⾏显⽰为Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes ,故使⽤命令fdisk /dev/vda)
按照下⾯Linux操作进⾏分区。
root@ubuntu14:/opt# fdisk /dev/vda
命令(输⼊ m 获取帮助): m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delet
e a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令(输⼊ m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
分区号 (1-4,默认为 3): 3 #分区序号
起始 sector (499712-314572799,默认为 499712): #分区开始回车默认
将使⽤默认值 499712
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (499712-501757,默认为 501757):
将使⽤默认值 501757
命令(输⼊ m 获取帮助): n #new 新分区
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #选择主分区
Selected partition 4 #分区序号
起始 sector (62912512-314572799,默认为 62912512): #分区开始回车默认
将使⽤默认值 62912512
Last sector, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799,默认为 314572799):
将使⽤默认值 314572799
命令(输⼊ m 获取帮助): t #修改分区格式
分区号 (1-5): 4 #修改分区号
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式选择8e linux LVM
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
命令(输⼊ m 获取帮助): p #显⽰分区信息
Disk /dev/vda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
设备启动起点终点块数 Id 系统
/dev/vda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 501758 62912511 31205377 5 扩展
/dev/vda3 499712 501757 1023 83 Linux
/dev/vda4 62912512 314572799 125830144 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vda5 501760 62912511 31205376 8e Linux LVM
Partition table entries are not in disk order
命令(输⼊ m 获取帮助): w #保存信息
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
5. 重启Linux操作系统,使⽤reboot命令。
6. 创建物理卷,使⽤pvcreate /dev/vda4命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# pvcreate /dev/vda4
Physical volume "/dev/vda4" successfully created
7.查看新建的物理卷和⼤⼩,使⽤pvdisplay命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name ubuntu14-vg
PV Size 29.76 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7618
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 7618
PV UUID XR32TY-aRQC-IQC6-oCx7-aa9X-KdJe-bHmaBd
"/dev/vda4" /dev/vda5
VG Name is a new physical volume of "120.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/vda4
VG Name
PV Size 120.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID MVK0IT-LDgP-eWwZ-fzQM-tdyY-kRQ-nbk122
8. 将添加新的物理卷,加载到ubuntu14-vg卷组,使⽤vgextend ubuntu14-vg /dev/vda4命令。root@ubuntu14:~# vgextend ubuntu14-vg /dev/vda4
Volume group "ubuntu14-vg" successfully extended
9. 查看卷组信息,使⽤vgdisplay命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ubuntu14-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 149.76 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 38338
Alloc PE / Size 7618 / 29.76 GiB
Free PE / Size 30720 / 120.00 GiB
VG UUID cq2Z6G-P6j1-S2gM-mibz-d63V-NjkS-dHYe7D
10.增加ubuntu14-vg⼤⼩,增加120G。使⽤lvresize -L +120G /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# lvresize -L +120G /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root
Extending logical volume root to 147.76 GiB
Logical volume root successfully resized
11. 重新识别ubuntu14-vg⼤⼩,使⽤resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 10
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root is now 38733824 blocks long.
12.查看扩容后的⼤⼩,使⽤df -h命令。
root@ubuntu14:~# df -h
⽂件系统容量已⽤可⽤已⽤% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root 146G 23G 117G 17% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev
tmpfs 799M 388K 799M 1% /run
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /run/shm
none 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
/
dev/vda1 236M 37M 188M 17% /boot
当看到/dev/mapper/ubuntu14--vg-root 已经更新到新的⼤⼩时,则表⽰增加成功。
总结
resized以上所述是⼩编给⼤家介绍的Linux系统扩容根⽬录磁盘空间的操作⽅法,希望对⼤家有所帮助,如果⼤家有任何疑问请给我留⾔,⼩编会及时回复⼤家的。在此也⾮常感谢⼤家对⽹站的⽀持!
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论