英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型
一.句子成分英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1.主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在iherebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑 问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定 式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
Country music has become more and more popular.（名 词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
What we are going to do has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）.谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1）简单谓语：We study for the people.
2）复合i胃语：I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.
2.表语：它位于系动词（比如be）之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one.（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
3.宾语：宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。
Wc like English.（名词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
It began to rain.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think （that） he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: We make him our monitor（班长）.
4.宾补：就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的。
I see you crossing the street （现在分词）His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted （涂漆）their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）.定语：在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room/over there is mine.
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）
His progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
5.状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之 后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。He lives in London.
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is sorry to trouble you.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）［练习］指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1.The students got on the school bus.
2.He handed me the newspaper.
1.1shall answer your question after class.
4.His job 4 to train swimmers.
5.He took many photos of /he palaces in Beijing.
6.His wish is to become a scientist.
7.He wants to finish ihe work in time.
8.Tom came to ask me for advice.
9.He found it important to master English.
10.Do you have anything else to say?
11.Would you please tell me your address?
12.He sat there, reading a newspaper.
13.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
14.He noticed a man enler the room.
15.The apples tasted sweet.
二.英语句子的种痴还构）.简单句（simple sentence）
1.并列句（compound sentence）
.复合句（complex sentence） 英语句子基本成分示意图：
Vi （不及物动词）
宾语
宾语
宾语宾补
系动词——> 表语
简单句（Simple Sentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子
英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的，只要把这 些基本句型弄清楚，你就会游刃有余了。
三.简单句的五种基本句型.S + V主语+谓语主谓结构
elect是什么意思A golden eagle is flying. （Vi不及物动词 后面没有宾语）2. S + V + O主语+谓语+宾语
A crane eats fish.
A Swan has a long thin neck.
A swallow has a forked tail.
（Vt及物动词，后面必须跟宾语）SV和SVO的注意点：
（1）.谓语（V）具有各种不同时态;进行时；情态动词；现在时；过去时以及将来时。
（2）.在句中先主语subject再谓语部分。如是不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语，如是及 物动词，其后必须有宾语。其后有没有宾语是S+V和S+V+O判断标志。

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