英汉翻译常用技巧----增词法
Oct. 24th –28th
增词法是指在原文的基础上添加必要的单词,词组,分句或完整句,从而使译文在语法,形式上都符合汉语的习惯并使译文在文化背景,词语联想方面与原文保持一致,以达到疑问与原文在内容,形式和精神方面对等起来的目的。
Practices first:
1.In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the daily summary over some coffee. 晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演后,他还会边喝咖啡边写每日小结。
2.With what enthusiasm members of Communist Party of China are conducting political studies. 中国共产党员正以多么高的热情进行政治学习啊!
3.In the films of those days, all too often it was the same scenario: the hero meets the heroin
e, they fall in love and live happily ever after. 那时的电影总是一样的剧情:男主人公与女主人公相遇,继而相爱,从此过上幸福的生活。
4.Don’t take it seriously. I am just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛!我不过是开开玩笑而已。
5.Once, they had a quarrel over the question of whom to turn off the TV. 他们曾经为了谁去关电视的问题吵了一架。
I.Semantic amplification
由于中英文语言差异,翻译时常常要根据意义的需要,在相关词汇后加上适当的词,使直通顺自然,符合中文表达习惯。
增加名词:在汉语中,及物和不及物动词的区别不是很明显,有时所谓及物动词后面的宾语如果上下文中能够看的出,往往可以省略不说;而英语则不然。特别是一些不及物动词必须带上它后面的宾语句子意思才能显得完整。因此,在翻译时往往就需要增补。
a. Make a schedule or chart of you time and fill in committed time such as eating, playing,
meetings, classes, etc. 作一个时间表,然后,将吃饭、睡觉、开会、上课等等的时间填上。b. I came here in the spirit of friendship and learning. 我是为友谊和求学而来。
有时形容词前面也可以加上名词:
c. His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and, moreover looks very ugly. 他妻子认为,这件家具价格昂贵而且外表难看。
有时,一些名词或者数量词的复数形式翻译成汉语后前面也要加词表示重叠:
d. Thousands of students from the city’s colleges and universities jammed the railway station awaiting the arrival of their football team. 成千上万的高校学生一起涌到火车站欢迎他们的足球队凯旋。
e. To look after the hordes of sick men there were only a few old doctors who were helpless before such scene of suffering and misery. 只有这些老医生来照看一的伤员,他们在如此的痛苦、悲伤面前,显得无可奈何。
1.This is a Ford. 这是一辆福特牌汽车。
2.This new brand of PC is cheap and fine. 这个新牌子的电脑物美价廉。
3.We can learn what we did not know before. 我们能学会以前不懂的东西。
增加动词
由于英语是一门“静止”的语言,在所有的词汇当中,用名词的居多;而相比较而言,汉语则无此限制,不管有多少动词都可以并排使用。因此,许多英语的名词翻译成汉语时都要加上一些动词,否则,意思则很不完整,例如:
a. His speech in at the meeting turned out exerts a stimulating effect on the mind of the people present that day. 他那天在会上所做的报告使所有在场的人深受鼓舞。
b. He maintains that only hard work and unswerving perseverance can lead to improved performance. 他坚持认为,只有通过勤奋工作加上不懈的努力才会取得好的成绩。
c. The lives claimed by shoddy construction projects should be enough to put governments at all levels on the alert. 伪劣建筑夺取了很多人的生命,这一点足以使我们的各级部门提高警惕。
d. Efforts must be made to improve service for more than 1 million domestic and overseas tourists.为了一百万的国内外旅客的利益,我们一定为改善服务质量而进行努力。
英语中的某些不及物动词实际隐含有宾语的意思,翻译时应补充其宾语:
4.Mary washed for a living after her husband died. 自从她丈夫去世后,玛丽靠给人洗衣服维持生计。
5.Day after day, she did the same thing---sweeping, washing and cleaning. 日复一日,她做着同样的事情:拖地,洗衣服,整理房间。
增加表示程度等的副词:
a.They started up into the sky until the noise of the rocket died away.
他猛地抬头往天空看,直到火箭发射的声音渐渐远去。
b. He stole a glance at the pretty girl walking alongside with him.
他偷偷地瞥了她一眼。
6.She poured out her story of misfortune. 她滔滔不绝地倾诉了她的不幸遭遇。
7.Time drops in decay, like a candle burnt out. 时间一点一滴的逝去,犹如蜡烛慢慢燃尽。
根据隐含的意义补充形容词等:
8.Facts are to scientist as words are to the poets. 事实对于科学家正如文字于诗人一样重要。
增加表示总结或概括的词语:
9.Henry Kissinger had slept in the hotel before in July and then in October. 基辛格分别于7月和十月两度下榻于该酒店。
10.The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 这个大厅有四大schedule形容词优点:明亮,宽敞,样式新颖,没有回音。
11.They talked about wage, price and inflation. 他们谈及工资,物价和通货膨胀等问题。
英语词态及曲折变化词体现在动词上,汉译时应增加一些表示时间,状态等助词:如“曾经”“已经”“过/了”表示过去,“正在”“着”“现在”等表示现在进行,“将”“会”“要”等表示将来,以及其他一些词“过去”“现在”“将来”等。
12.I was, and remain grateful for his influence on my life. 他在我生命中有着重要的影响,对此,我过去很感激,现在依然很感激。
13.China has been implementing the birth control policy over the past decades. 过去几十年来,中国一直在推行计划生育政策。
英语中介词,副词,形容词甚至连词等都可以表达动作含义,亦可通过助动词等省略作谓语的动词,翻译时应补充合适的动词:
14.They quarreled for about 10 hours, through dinner, and deep into the night. 他们吵了大约10小时,中间吃了顿晚饭又接着吵到深夜。
15.He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕辞就宣布会议结束。
16.We don’t retreat; we never have and never will. 我们决不后退,我们从来没有后退过,将来也决不后退。
英语中数词与可数名词往往直接连用,但翻译时应加上适当的量词:
17.Flowers bloom all over the garden. 朵朵鲜花在花园里处处开放。
18.The first electronic computers came into use in 1950s. 第一代电子计算机在二十世纪五十年代正式投入使用。
19.A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日从平静的海面冉冉升起。
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