来了,YoloV5的TensorFlow版开源
开源
⾃从yolov5开源以来,(不管因为啥原因)深受瞩⽬,我最近⽤tensorflow实现了其主要部分。可能是第⼀个纯正的tensorfow2版本,欢迎try and star:
github/LongxingTan…
之前在⼯作中接触过yolov3(跑过demo应该就算接触过了),效果惊艳。我在视觉领域只是个新⼈(悲伤的是我⼀个中年⼈却在哪⼉哪⼉都TM是新⼈),能⼒有限,疏漏难免。从头开始实现,对我来说是⼀次不错的经历,遇到和解决了⼀些细节问题。
如readme中所指出的,主要特点如下:
纯tensorflow2的实现
⽤yaml⽂件来配置模型和控制模型⼤⼩
⽀持⾃定义数据训练
马赛克数据增强
通过iou或长宽⽐匹配anchor
相邻正样本增强
⽀持多GPU训练
相对详细的代码注释
缺点多,提升空间巨⼤
原理
结合代码简单回顾⼀下其主要原理和改进。知乎上已经有不少⾮常不错的解析⽂章可以参考,尤其是下⾯⼏篇。如有可能,直接读代码应该是更清晰、细节。
江⼤⽩:深⼊浅出Yolo系列之Yolov5核⼼基础知识完整讲解
深度眸:进击的后浪yolov5深度可视化解析
⽬标检测:Yolov5集百家之长
来⾃ @江⼤⽩ 的模型图
通过长宽⽐或iou匹配anchor
这⾥的实现了v3中根据iou分配anchor,以及v4/v5中根据宽⾼⽐来分配anchor,新的匹配⽤来解决物体靠近⽹格时的敏感问题,并可以涨点。
def assign_criterion_wh(self, gt_wh, anchors, anchor_threshold):        # return: please note that the v5 default
anchor_threshold is 4.0, related to the positive sample augment        gt_wh = tf.expand_dims(gt_wh, 0)  # => 1 * n_gt * 2      anchors = tf.expand_dims(anchors, 1)  # => n_anchor * 1 * 2        ratio = gt_wh / anchors  # => n_anchor * n_gt * 2      matched_matrix = tf.reduce_max(tf.math.maximum(ratio, 1 / ratio),                                      axis=2) < anchor_threshold  # => n_anchor * n_gt        return matched_matrixdef assign_criterion_iou(self, gt_wh, anchors, anchor_threshold):        # by IOU, anchor_threshold < 1        box_wh = tf.expand_dims(gt_wh, 0)  # => 1 * n_gt * 2        box_area = box_wh[..., 0] * box_wh[..., 1]  # => 1 * n_gt        anchors = tf.cast(anchors, tf.float32)  # => n_anchor * 2        anchors = tf.expand_dims(anchors, 1)  # =>
tensorflow版本选择n_anchor * 1 * 2        anchors_area = anchors[..., 0] * anchors[..., 1]  # => n_anchor * 1        inter = tf.math.minimum(anchors[..., 0], box_wh[..., 0]) * tf.math.minimum(anchors[..., 1],                                                                                  box_wh[..., 1])  #
n_gt * n_anchor        iou = inter / (anchors_area + box_area - inter + 1e-9)        iou = iou > anchor_threshold        return iou复制代码
正样本增强
正负样本的均衡⼀直是⽬标检测领域要解决的问题。v5中根据长宽⽐匹配到anchor之后,进⼀步将匹配到的⽹格的上下或左右最接近的邻居也增强为正样本。匹配的anchor以及坐标与初始匹配到的⽹格相同
def enrich_pos_by_position(self, assigned_label, assigned_anchor, gain, matched_matrix, rect_style='rect4'):        # using offset to extend more postive result, if x        assigned_xy = assigned_label[..., 0:2]  # n_matched * 2        offset = tf.constant([[0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 1], [-1, 0], [0, -1]], tf.float32)        grid_offset = tf.zeros_like(assigned_xy)        if rect_style == 'rect2':            g = 0.2 # offset        elif rect_style == 'rect4':            g = 0.5  #            matched = (assigned_xy % 1. < g) & (assigned_xy > 1.)          matched_left = matched[:, 0]            matched_up = matched[:, 1]            matched = (assigned_xy % 1. > (1 - g)) &
(assigned_xy < tf.expand_dims(gain[0:2], 0) - 1.)            matched_right = matched[:, 0]            matched_down = matched[:, 1]          assigned_anchor = tf.concat([assigned_anchor, assigned_anchor[matched_left], assigned_anchor[matched_up],                                      assigned_anchor[matched_right], assigned_anchor[matched_down]], axis=0)            assigned_label =
assigned_label[matched_right], assigned_label[matched_down]], axis=0)            grid_offset = g * tf.concat(
[grid_offset, grid_offset[matched_left] + offset[1], grid_offset[matched_up] + offset[2],                grid_offset[matched_right] + offset[3], grid_offset[matched_down] + offset[4]], axis=0)        return assigned_label, assigned_anchor, grid_offset复制代码
通过yaml⽂件控制模型⼤⼩
这⾥借鉴了efficientdet的思想,通过两个系数控制模型⼤⼩。
def parse_model(self, yaml_dict):        anchors, nc, depth_multiple, width_multiple = yaml_dict['anchors'], yaml_dict['nc'],
yaml_dict['depth_multiple'], yaml_dict['width_multiple']        num_anchors = (len(anchors[0]) // 2) if isinstance(anchors, list) else anchors        output_dims = num_anchors * (nc + 5)        layers = []        # # from, number, module, args        for i, (f, number, module, args) in enumerate(yaml_dict['backbone'] + yaml_dict['head']):            module = eval(module) if isinstance(module, str) else module  # all component is a Class, initialize here, call in self.forward            for j, arg in enumerate(args):                try:                  args[j] = eval(arg) if isinstance(arg, str) else arg  # eval strings, like Detect(nc, anchors)                except:                  pass            number = max(round(number * depth_multiple), 1) if number > 1 else number  # control the model scale,
s/m/l/x            if module in [Conv2D, Conv, Bottleneck, SPP, DWConv, Focus, BottleneckCSP, BottleneckCSP2, SPPCSP, VoVCSP]:                c2 = args[0]                c2 = il(c2 * width_multiple / 8) * 8 if c2 != output_dims else c2              args = [c2, *args[1:]]                if module in [BottleneckCSP, BottleneckCSP2, SPPCSP, VoVCSP]:                    args.insert(1, number)                    number = 1            modules = tf.keras.Sequential(*[module(*args) for _ in range(number)]) if number > 1 else module(*args)            modules.i, modules.f = i, f            layers.append(modules)        return layers复制代码
损失函数匹配
class YoloLoss(object):    def __init__(self, anchors, ignore_iou_threshold, num_classes, img_size, label_smoothing=0):
self.anchors = anchors        self.strides = [8, 16, 32]        self.ignore_iou_threshold = ignore_iou_threshold
self.num_classes = num_classes        self.img_size = img_size        self.bce_conf =
tf.keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(reduction=tf.keras.losses.Reduction.NONE)        self.bce_class =
tf.keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(reduction=tf.keras.losses.Reduction.NONE, label_smoothing=label_smoothing)    def
__call__(self, y_true, y_pred):        iou_loss_all = obj_loss_all = class_loss_all = 0        balance = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] if len(y_pred) == 3 else [4.0, 1.0, 0.4, 0.1]  # P3-5 or P3-6                for i, (pred, true) in enumerate(zip(y_pred, y_true)):            # preprocess, true: batch_size * grid * grid * 3 * 6, pred: batch_size * grid * grid * clss+5            true_box, true_obj, true_class = tf.split(true, (4, 1, -1), axis=-1)            pred_box, pred_obj, pred_class = tf.split(pred, (4, 1, -1), axis=-1)            if tf.shape(true_class)[-1] == 1 and self.num_classes > 1:                true_class = tf._hot(tf.cast(true_class, tf.dtype
s.int32), depth=self.num_classes, axis=-1), -2)            # prepare: higher weights to smaller box, true_wh should be normalized to (0,1)            box_scale = 2 - 1.0 * true_box[..., 2] * true_box[..., 3] / (self.img_size ** 2)            obj_mask = tf.squeeze(true_obj, -1)  # # obj or noobj, batch_size * grid * grid * anchors_per_grid            background_mask = 1.0 - obj_mask            conf_focal = tf.squeeze(tf.math.pow(true_obj - pred_obj, 2), -1)            # iou/giou/ciou/diou loss            iou = bbox_iou(pred_box, true_box, xyxy=False, giou=True)                      iou_loss = (1 - iou) * obj_mask * box_scale  # batch_size * grid * grid * 3            # confidence loss, Todo: multiply the
iou            conf_loss = self.bce_conf(true_obj, pred_obj)            conf_loss = conf_focal * (obj_mask * conf_loss +
background_mask * conf_loss)  # batch * grid * grid * 3            # class loss            # use binary cross entropy loss for multi class, so every value is independent and sigmoid            # please note that the output of tf.keras.losses.bce is origial dim minus the last one            class_loss = obj_mask * self.bce_class(true_class, pred_class)            iou_loss =
_sum(class_loss, axis=[1, 2, 3]))            iou_loss_all += iou_loss * balance[i]          obj_loss_all += conf_loss * balance[i]            class_loss_all += class_loss * self.num_classes * balance[i]  # to balance the 3 loss复制代码
损失函数部分,还没有完全和v5的设置⼀样。v5中做了⼀些优化,如不同scale的平衡,如⽬标confidence损失的权重等。
效果
如果想要效果最佳,还是推荐原版pytorch,毕竟⼀直在更新中,v4和v5的作者也⼀直还在发⼒优化。如果对tensorflow有谜之爱好,或者想通过代码了解yolov5,我觉得我的版本写的更清楚⼀些(与之相应的代价是可能有细节遗漏甚⾄不对的地⽅),总之欢迎⼤家尝试。在MNIST检测数据上的效果:
在voc2012数据集上的效果(效果还有待加强):
再⼤的数据集我就跑不动啦,毕竟只有1080Ti可⽤。

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