摘要
作为当前社会人们生活与交往的一种不可缺少的方式，对话在国际交往、经济交流和文化沟通等方面也承担着举足轻重的作用，是有效解决问题的关键策略。随着新课改的顺利开展，对话式教学这种新型的教学组织形式也随之进入大众视野。2001年我国基础教育改革第一次提出须得在教育教学的过程中贯彻对话理念后，关涉对话教学的研究与论述才逐渐成为教育领域关注的热点议题。对话式教学中倡导师生平等、课堂开放和动态生成等理念恰好与新课程改革中以学生为主体的教育观相一致，且都较为关注学生的个性成长与主体性发挥；与此同时传统课堂教学弊端的日益显著迫使教育者不得不寻求一种新型的教育方式，从而更好地解决传统教育中存在的一些弊端。对话式教学顺应社会发展的潮流、应势而为，有效地转变了教育者的教育教学理念与观点，能够为新课改的开展与人才培养做出贡献。
在初中的思想政治课堂教学中，与传统教育中教师讲学生听教学方式不同，在教学中融入对话理念具有独特的优势，为初中政治的教学工作助益良多。但由于当前种种不合理因素的消极影响，教师与学生认识对话式教学不足、参与能力不足以及学生缺乏主动性等方面的问题使得对话式教学在实行过程中遇到了诸多阻碍，如在对话式教学的实施过程中教师与学生之间的不平等对话、对话主题呈现的方式存在误区、政治教师创设的对话情境流于表面以及对话式教学无法充分发挥其功能等方面的问题为对话式教学的实施过程留下诸多阻碍。为了更好地优化对话式教学的教学效果和培养社会
需要的人才，文章提出须得在对话式教学中突出师生双方的平等地位、设计能够引发共鸣的对话主题，创造自由开放的教学情境，构建教师与学生能够深度理解的对话和建立合理科学的评价机制，为中学的教育教学工作助力。
关键词：对话式教学；«道德与法治»；现状；问题；改进策略
ABSTRACT
As an indispensable way of people's life and communication in the present society,the dialogue plays an important role in the aspects of international communication,economic exchange and cultural communication,and is the key strategy to solve the problem effectively. With the smooth development of the new curriculum reform,dialogue teaching,a new form of teaching organization,has also entered the public visual field.In2001,the reform of basic education in China proposed for the first time that the concept of dialogue should be implemented in the process of education and teaching.The research and discussion on dialogue teaching has gradually become a hot topic in the field of education.The concept of equality between teachers and students, classroom opening and dynamic generation is advocated in dialogue teaching.It is consistent with the educational view of student-centered in the new curriculum reform,and both pay more attention to the individual growth and subjectivity of the stud
ents.At the same time,the disadvantages of traditional classroom teaching are increasingly obvious, forcing educators to seek a new type of education,so as to better solve some of the shortcomings in traditional education.Dialogue teaching conforms to the trend of social development.It can effectively change educators'educational ideas and viewpoints,and can contribute to the development of new curriculum reform and the cultivation of talents.
In the ideological and political classroom teaching in junior middle school,it is different from the traditional education in the way of listening to the students,and it has the unique advantage to incorporate the concept
of dialogue in the teaching,which is beneficial to the teaching of junior high school politics.However,due to the negative influence of all kinds of unreasonable factors,teachers and students lack of understanding dialogue teaching,lack of ability to participate and lack of students' initiative,and so on,which makes dialogue teaching encounter many obstacles in the process of implementation.Such as the unequal dialogue between teachers and students in the implementation of dialogue teaching, the misunderstanding of the way the dialogue theme presents,the dialogue situations created by political teachers flow to the surface,and the dialogue situations created by political teachers flow to the surface. Dialogue teaching can not give full play to its functions,leaving a l
ot of obstacles to the implementation of dialogue teaching.In order to optimize the teaching effect of dialogue teaching and train the talents needed by the society,the article puts forward that the equal status of teachers and students should be emphasized in dialogue teaching,and the dialogue theme which can resonate should be designed.To create a free and open teaching situation,to construct a dialogue between teachers and students and to establish a reasonable and scientific evaluation mechanism to help middle school education and teaching.
Key words:dialogue teaching;morality and the rule of law;present
situation;problems;improvement strategies
目录
摘要..........................................................................................................III 引言. (1)
unequal一、问题提出及研究意义 (1)
二、研究现状 (2)
三、研究思路与研究方法 (5)
四、文章的创新之处 (6)
第一章对话式教学概述 (7)
第一节对话式教学的内涵、类型与特点 (7)
一、对话式教学的内涵 (7)
二、对话式教学的类型 (8)
三、对话式教学的主要特点 (9)
第二节对话式教学的理论基础 (11)
一、苏格拉底的“精神助产术” (11)
二、孔子的启发式教学思想 (11)
三、保罗.弗莱雷的解放教育理论 (12)
四、现代建构主义学习理论 (13)
五、“以生为本”的教学理念 (13)
第三节初中«道德与法治»课堂中应用对话式教学的意义 (14)
一、有利于贯彻师生平等理念，优化师生关系 (14)
二、有利于突出学生主体地位，加强学生的课堂参与 (14)
三、有利于联系学生生活实际和社会实际 (15)
四、有利于提高教学效果 (15)
第二章对话式教学在初中«道德与法治»课堂实施中的现状、问题

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