1. What are the characteristics of culture
Culture Is Learned；Culture Is Dynamic；Culture Is Pervasive；Culture Is Integrated；Culture Is Adaptive
2. What is the nature of culture
1）. Culture is like an ）. Culture is our ）. Culture is like the water a fish swims ）. Culture is the grammar of our behavior.
3. What are the characteristics of communication
a. Communication is dynamic; b. Communication is systematic ;c. Communication is symbolic; d. Communication is irreversible ;e. Communication is transactional;
f. Communication is self-reflective ;g. Communication is contextual.
4. What are the components of communication
Sender/Source，Message，Encoding，Channel /Medium，Receiver，Decoding，Feedback，Noise，Context
5. What are the barriers to effective intercultural communication
(1)Language barriers，Different languages, different cultures(2)Emotional Problems as Barriers to Intercultural Communication：Anxiety and Uncertainty，Assuming Similarity Instead of Difference，(3)Attitudinal Problems as Barriers to Intercultural Communication：Ethnocentrism，Stereotyping，Prejudice，Racism
6. What are the categories of nonverbal communication
(1)chronemics, which is the study of how people perceive and use time; (2)proxemics, which refers to the study of spatial relations; paralanguage, which is the set of audible sounds that accompany oral language to add the meaning; (3)silence, which sends us nonverbal cues concerning the communication situations in which we participate; (4)oculesics, which is the study of communication sent by the eyes; (5)olfactics, which is th
e study of communication via smell; (6)haptics, which refers to communication through the use of bodily contact; (7)kinesics, which refers to gestures, postures, facial expressions and their relations to communication; (8)chromatics, which is the study of color use in affecting people’s perceptions, behaviors and impressions of others; (9)attire, which studies clothing and physical appearance and their relations to communication.
7. What are the four modes of acculturation
(1) Assimilation. It is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losing their own culture in the process.
(2) Integration. It is a process of desiring a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity with their native culture. (3) Separation and segregation. Separation is when individuals prefer low levels of interaction with the host culture and associated micro-cultural groups while desiring a close connection with, and reaffirmation of, their native culture. If such separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society, this is called segregation (4) Marginalization. It occurs when the individual chooses not to i
dentify with his or her native culture or with the host culture.
8. What are the four stages of the U-curve pattern intercultural adaptation
(1)Honeymoon Period, which is characterized by fascination with the new culture and by the excitement about all the new things we encounter in the host culture.(2)Crisis Period, which is also called the hostility or frustration stage. During this stage a person experiences culture shock.(3)Adjustment Period, which is referred to as the adjustment period or the recovery stage; during this stage sojourners begin to appreciate and respect the new culture and to develop sensitivity toward culture differences.(4)Biculturalism Period, which can also be called the mastery period and is marked by attitudes and behaviors that are independent from the influence of our birth.
9. How is sex different from gender
unequalSex is determined by genetics and biology that program biological features; it refers to the biological differences between males and females. Sex is static and cannot be changed. G
ender concerns the psychological, social and cultural differences between males and females. Gender is a social and cultural creation. Gender emphasizes more on different roles males and females play in society. Gender is more dynamic and can be constructed in the life time. Gender can be considered as the cultural meaning of sex; they’re not synonymous.
10. How to distinguish high context culture from low context culture
High context culture involves interaction via nonverbal language behavior, social status, relationships rather than verbal language, because more of the meaning is in the physical environment or already shared by people。In low context culture, the mass of the information people interact is vested in the explicit code, . mainly through verbal language.
11. What are the forms of culture shock
Language shock ;Role shock ;Transition shock; Cultural Fatigue; Education Shock; Adjustment Stress ;Culture Distance.
12. What are the components of cultural patterns
(1)Belief .A belief is an idea that people assume to be true about the world.
(2) involve what a culture regards as  good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate, and kind or cruel.

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