Proper use of words in a clause
There are 3 kinds of words which should be used properly in a clause: pronoun, adverb, and conjunction.
Pronoun: what, who, whom, whose, that, which, as, than, but.
Adverb: where, when, why, how.
Conjunction：as if/ though, if, whether, that.
The form of this is as follow:
Subject
clause
Object
clause
Attributive
clause
Predicative
clause
Appositive
clause
Pronoun
What, who,
Whom, whose
Which
What
Who
Whom
Whose
programme用法Which
Who, whom
Whose, as
That, which
Than, but
What, who
Whom, as
Which
Whose
none
Adverb
Where, when
Why, how
Where,
When
Why, how
Where,
When
Why,
Where, when
Why, how
none
Conjunction
That, whether
That,
Whether
If
none
That, whether
As if/ though
that
Tip: “How” cannot be used in attributive clause because: how=the way that, like so, “what” cannot be used either: what= the thing that.
The examples are at below:
Object clause, pronoun:
What: They are discussing what they should do next.
Who: He wondered who he could turn to.
Whom: Tom asked with whom he can finish the task.
Whose: Ronald didn’t know whose wallet this is.
Which: She asked her supervisor which course she should choose.
Adverb:
Where: He didn’t know where he is, he was lost.
When: He asked when the class began this morning.
Why: She didn’t know why she failed the examination.
How: Tony discovered how TV worked, he was so clever.
Conjunction
That: Monica thinks that all men are born equal.
Whether: He doubted whether he should go there or not.
If: I asked if I was permitted to come in the hall.
Subject clause, pronoun
What: What they are talking about have nothing to do with their studies.
Who: Who committed the crime remains unknown.
Whom: With whom he committed the crime remains unknown.
Whose: Whose book this is has not clear.
Which: Which bus should I take is still not known.
Adverb:
Where: Where he bought the stuff is unknown.
When: When the meeting will begin hasn’t been announced yet.
Why: Why he was late is important.
How: How he figured out the problem was a complete secret.
Conjunction
That: That he will go to Beijing is true.
Whether: Whether it is true is still a myth.
Attributive clause，pronoun
Who：Albert Einstein was a great scientist who invented the bulb.
Whom: Tony was a student with whom Ms. Yu finished many tasks successfully.
Whose: Ron is the boy whose bike was broken yesterday.
As: He performed the programme in the same way as I did.
That: Car is a thing that can bring you convenience and comfort.
Which: This is the result which I wanted.
Than: Don’t buy more than is needed.
But: There are very few but(who don’t) admire his talent.
Adverb
Where: The place where you went was very dangerous.
When: 7:00 was the time when the match began.
Why: I don’t know the reason why I am expelled from school.
Conjunction: none
Predicative clause, pronoun
What: The problem is what caused this.
Who: The thing is who played this joke on you.
Whom: The thing that matters is whom should be blamed.
As: The whole thing was as we planned.
Which: The question is which is better.
Whose: The question is whose bag this is.
Adverb:
When: 8:00 is when he wake up everyday.
Where: Page 56 was where we stopped last time.
Why: The problem is why he escaped from home.
How: The thing I want to know is how he managed to do so.
Conjunction:
That: The greatest thing is that we had a good time today.
Whether: The problem is we should do it or not.
As if/though: His expression was as if he was frozen.
Appositive clause（同位语从句）：pronoun: none adverb: none
Conjunction:
That: Word came that he will be back soon.

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