Chapter 1 Ancient Greece Civilization
I. Translate the following words or phrases
Cretan civilization Mycenae civilization. the Neolithic age the Trojan War Dark Age Homer's age the archaic period city-state polytheism Mediterranean Sea the Greek peninsula animism materialism ontology epistemology idealism
Plane geometry fetishism
克里特文明迈锡尼文明新石器时代特洛伊战争黑暗时代荷马时代
古风时期城邦多神教地中海希腊半岛万物有灵论唯物主义
本体论认识论唯心主义平面几何拜物教；恋物癖
II.Fill in the blanks
1. The Trojan War broke out at the end of________.
2. During the archaic period，thc first Olympiad was held in.
3. _______may be the first political leader famous for his reformist ideas. He punished trivial crimes with the death sentence. ______abolished slave labour as a form of indemnification of debt. _____carried out the legislative reform by abolishing the four tribes in Athens. ______was an advocate for peasants’ welfare in the mountainous areas.
4. Greek civilization came to its peak during _______reign and then began to decline.
5. In Greek myth，all the gods live on_______. The chief god is called ______. His wife _____is responsible for marriage and family. His brother，________，is the god looking after the seas. ______reigns the underworld，the kingdom of death.
6.The earliest materialist philosopher is _____，who believed that the world originated in water and predicted a total eclipse of the sun.
7. ______claims that fire is the fundamental substance in the universe，that the universe is in a state of ongoing change，struggle or flux.
8. ________believes the entire material world is composed of tiny，inseparable particles called atoms.
9.________ assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers，
summed up in his assertion that“Everything is numbers”.
10.The most influential philosophers in Greece were ______,_____ and ______.
11.______ established the Academy — the first institution of higher learning the world had ever seen. His most influential and significant works are_______，the Symposium and the Law .
12.Greek literature is considered to consist of_____, ______and _______.
13.The epics in ancient Greece usually referred to two long ______poems written supposedly by______. The first of these is the_____，and the second great epic is the ______
14.Among the best-known playwrights of ancient Greece were _____,
_____,______and_____. The first three were writers of tragedy and the latter writer of comedy.
15.The best-known mathematician was _____who established the science of plane geometry. ______ discovered the ratio of radius of a circle in mathematics，and found out the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.
III . Please introduce something about the three greatest philosophers in Ancient Greece
Answers：
1.Mycenaean civilization
2. 776BC
3. Draco; Solon; Cleisthenes; Peisistratus
4. Pericles’
5. Mount Olympus; Zeus; Hera; Poseidon; Hades
6. Thales
7. Heraclitus
8. Democritus
9.Pythagoras 10. Socrates ; Plato ; Aristotle. 11 Plato; the Republic 12. epic; lyrical poetry ;drama 13. Narrative; Homer; Iliad; Odyssey. 14. Aeschylus，Sophocles，Euripides; Aristophanes 15. Euclid; Archimedes
最早的唯物主义哲学家：Thales泰利斯
本体论
认识论epic 史诗唯心主义，唯心论
希腊三贤：Socrates Plato Aristotle
Plato established the Academy(阿卡德美学园)—the first institution of higher learning in the world
荷马史诗：the Iliad, Odyssey 伊利亚特；奥德赛
三大悲剧家：Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯Sophocles索福克勒斯Euripides欧里庇得斯
科学家：Archimedes 阿基米德—数学家物理学家
Euclid欧几里得—数学家平面几何Plane geometry
Cretan civilization克里特文明Mycenae civilization.迈锡尼文明the Neolithic age 新石器时代
the Trojan War特洛伊战争Dark Age 黑暗时代Homer's age 荷马时代the archaic period古风时期
第一届古代奥运会：776BC
city-state 城邦polytheism多神论希腊神话十二主神：Zeus Hera…materialism 唯物主义最早的唯物主义哲学家：Thales泰利斯archaic
ontology本体论
epistemology认识论epic 史诗idealism唯心主义，唯心论
希腊三贤：Socrates Plato Aristotle
Plato established the Academy(阿卡德美学园)—the first institution of higher learning in the world
荷马史诗：the Iliad, Odyssey 伊利亚特；奥德赛
三大悲剧家：Aeschylus埃斯库罗斯Sophocles索福克勒斯Euripides欧里庇得斯
科学家：Archimedes 阿基米德—数学家物理学家
Euclid欧几里得—数学家平面几何Plane geometry

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