希腊罗马文化对西方文化的影响
2011英师2班 LYH
[Abstract] The ancient culture of Rome and Greece regarded as one of the source of American--European literature art, and it has played an important role in their development for a long time. This thesis will state about how the ancient Rome and Greece culture influence the Western culture.
[Key words] Rome, Greece, Western, Culture, Influence
archaicIntroduction：
    The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece, continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire. Ancient Greece is located in the north-east of the Mediterranean, in addition to the existing Greek peninsula, but also including the Aegean, Macedonia, Thrace, Italy and the Asia Minor Peninsula and other places. The twists
and turns for the Greek coastline offers excellent natural harbor, an open terrain to make it easier to contact the East and Egypt's ancient civilization. Ancient Greece was the cradle of Western civilization, the earliest inhabitants came from the West Pilasiji, from the beginning of 2000 BC, the Indo-European people Arcaya in batches into the Greek peninsula, to the twelfth century BC, residents Aeolian into, Ionia Dorians and the three major groups, the original inhabitants gradually assimilate them. In the twenty-first century BC, the land of the birth of Europe as early as the Minoan civilization and the Mycenaean civilization. BC five or six centuries, formed a brilliant civilization of Greece. Greek slave society into the peninsula, the establishment of slavery more than 200 city-state of pantheism, which is the most powerful Athens and Sparta. Slavery and the myths and legends of democratic politics into an art and prosperity to the emotional resources to enable the art of ancient Greece has shown a certain degree of humanism color. Cultural exchanges so that it has developed the philosophy, aesthetics and rigorous science, it is the art of ancient Rome as the law of the arts, and even beyond Europe as a whole laid the foundation for the arts.
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Chapter 1 Greek culture
  Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C. This was marked by 
the successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the century, the establishment of democracy and the flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens. 
      In Greek society,women, children, foreigners and slaves had no rights, only adult male citizens had real power and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.  The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labor. ③ Slaves worked on farms and in workshops and mines owned by their masters. ④ There was harsh exploitation in Greek society. ⑤ The Greeks loved sports. Once every four years, they had a big festival on Olympus Mount which included contest of sports.
        Along with the formation of Greek civilization, Greek sculpture, pottery and architecture got many great achievements. Greeks put into works of art the things they admired and worshiped, the scientific rules they discovered. Greek art evolved from the archaic period to the classical period which marked its maturity. (2) the most famous temple was the Acropolis at Athens. (3) Yes, it is still there.
  Greek culture exerted the enormous influence on English literature, for example: ①Pindar had imitators, such as the 17th century English poet John Dryden.②The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud’s term “the Oedipus complex” was derived from Sophocles’s play. ③ In the 19th century, the English poetess Elizabeth Browning called Euripides “Euripides human”. ④ In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode On a Grecian Urn. ⑤ In the 20th century, three are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses. 
Chapter2 Roman culture   
The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire. From this time on, Latin was the language of the western half of the Roman Empire, Greek that of the eastern half.
    The Romans had a lot in common with the Greeks. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified—Greek Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus, and so on-and their myths to be fused. Their languages worked in similar ways, and were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Bangladesh to Iceland. ②There was one big difference. The Romans built up a vast empire: the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.
  In Rome’s earliest stage, only a number of patricians knew the customary legal procedure. When the rules were put into writing in the middle of the third century B.C. it marked a victory for the plebeians. There was further development of law under the emperors until it was codified, eventually to become the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.
    The Romans were great engineers. They covered their world from one end to the other with roads, bridges, 
aqueducts, theatres and arenas. (2) Some examples: 
A. The Pantheon: the greatest the best preserved Roman temple built in 27B.C.
B. Pont du Gard: it is an exceptionally well-preserved aqueduct that spans a wide valley in southern France. 
Roman painting was strongly influenced by the art of Greece. And it also had pecularities of its own. Unfortunately much of the painting no longer exists. There are, however, some wall-paintings from Pompeii and other towns near Naples. These wall-paintings include still lives, landscape paintings and figure paintings. Among them were Lady Musician and Young Girl, the Maiden Gathering Flowers and the Landscape. 

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