现代大学英语精读(第2版)3:U1A You College Years翻译
Your College Years
你的大学生活
Bob Hartman
鲍勃·哈特曼
Have you ever considered the changes that are taking place and will take place in your life as a college student? Has it ever occurred to you that your professors and other school personnel have certain goals for your growth and maturity during your college years? Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood? Though college students seldom think about them, key changes will probably happen to them during their college years.
作为一个大学生,你可曾考虑过那些你生活中正在发生以及将要发生的变化吗?你可曾想到过,你的教授们和其他教职员工为你的成长和发展曾经制定了某些目标?你可曾意识到,从青春期到渐渐成熟的过程中,你会经历某些特定的发展变化?尽管大学生很少思考以上问题,但是在大学期间,一些重要的变化很有可能发生在他们身上。
During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. They have, of course, plenty of both. It is important to know how people perceive themselves as well as how other people perceive them. According to Piers and Landau, in an article discussing the theories of Erik H. Erikson in International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences (1979), identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents), shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. People are influenced by their environment and, in turn, influence their environment. How people see themselves in both roles is unquestionably a part of their identity.
大学期间,学生们正经历着自我认同危机,而且他们正在竭力了解自己,以及自己的优点和不足。当然,他们的优点和不足之处都很多。重要的是要了解人们如何看待自己,以及其他人又如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了艾瑞克·H.埃里克松在《国际社会科学百科全书》(1979)中的有关理论。根据他们的观点,自我认同取决于遗传基因(继承自父母),由环境塑造,并且受偶然事件的影响。人们受环境影响,反过来又影响他们周围的环境。人们如何看待自己在以上两个方面所扮演的角,毫无疑问是他们自我心理认同的一部分。
While students are going through an identity crisis, they are becoming independent from their parents yet are probably still very dependent on them. This independence/dependence struggle is very much a part of the later adolescence stage.
values翻译在学生们经历自我认同危机的同时,也开始摆脱自己的父母,渐渐独立。然而,他们仍然非常依赖父母。这种独立与依赖之间的矛盾其实是青春期后期的一部分。
In fact, it may be heightened by their choice to pursue a college education. Immediately after graduating from high school, some graduates choose to enter the work world. As a result of this choice, they may become financially independent from their parents. But college students have chosen to grow and learn new skills that take years to develop, so they probably need at least some degree of dependence on their parents.
实际上,这种矛盾可能因为他们选择接受大学教育而升级。高中一毕业,一些毕业生选择进入职场开始工作。这种选择的结果就是他们在经济上独立于自己的父母。但是,大学生选择
了再花几年时间来发展自我和学习新的技能,因此,至少在某种程度上他们往往还要依赖于自己的父母。
In his April 1984 article "Psychological Separation of Late Adolescents from Their Parents" in the Journal of Counseling Psychology, J. A. Hoffman observed that there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from one's parents. First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda. Second, there is attitudinal independence, which means that individuals learn to see and accept the difference between their own attitudes, values, and beliefs and those of their parents. The third process of psychological separation is emotional independence. Hoffman defines this process as "freedom from an excessive need for approval, closeness, togetherness, and emotional support in relation to the mother and father." For example, college students would feel free to select the major that they want to pursue without feeling they must have parental approval. Fourth is freedom from "excessive guilt, anxiety, mistrust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father."
1984年4月,J.A.霍夫曼在《咨询心理学杂志》上发表了题为“青春期末期的孩子与父母在心理上的分离”的文章。他在文章中对孩子与父母的心理分离的四个不同方面作了论述。第一,自理独立,它包括个人处理实际事务和个人事务的能力,比如理财、自主选择穿什么样的服装以及决定日程安排等。第二,观点独立,也就是说学生学会认识和接受自己与父母在态度、价值观和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离的过程是情感独立。霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱对父母的赞许、亲近、陪伴以及情感支持的过分依赖的过程”。例如,大学生能够自由选择自己想学的专业,而不会觉得必须经过父母同意。第四方面则是摆脱“与父母有关的过度的内疚、焦虑、怀疑、责任、压抑、反感以及愤怒”。
College students need to stand back and see where they are in the independence/dependence struggle.
大学生需要退一步来审视自己在独立性与依赖性的冲突中所处的位置。
Probably one of the most stressful matters for young college students is establishing their sexual identity, which includes relating to the opposite sex and projecting their future roles as men or women. Each must define her or his sexual identity in a feminine or masculine role. These are exciting times yet frustrating times. Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with.
版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论