《国庆节回家》翻译中的主要问题
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院李长栓
理解问题
汉语中充满了歧义。单靠语言翻译，无法准确传达实际的含义。必须了解社会现实。圣经看不懂，古文看不懂，就是不懂当时的社会状况。当时的人很清楚什么意思。即使历史清白、地主、landlord这些常见的词，中国的青少年都不一定理解，中国人的理解和外国人的理解也不一样。
原文：
国庆节回家，那个黄河边上的乡村，开小汽车的乡亲开始多见，虽然他们穿衣打扮还没有太多的改变，但当我看到他们开上价值20多万的汽车时，我很是欣喜。
但欣喜似乎很快止于一次街头的聊天，乡亲【几个？】告诉了我这里发生的两件事。首先是旁边村子里一个人被同村的三兄弟杀死在家中，事情起源于土地租赁，因为租金高低的纠纷，欲强租土地【强租一人还是多人的土地，还是三兄弟的土地？】的人人把不愿意接受租金价位的人打了【打了一人，还是多人，还是打了三兄弟？】，【是地主把雇农打了（旧社会），还是雇农把地主打了（新中国）】还发出狠话【啥是狠话？】，打死也就是几万块钱的事，于是被打的一方三兄弟联合起来，有了这一命案，四个家庭随之破碎。还有一个发生在我们村里，收割玉米的乡亲【是一家，还是几家】欲从邻居家【住所相邻？土地相邻？】地上开车通过【收割前？收割后？为什么开车？收割机？拉庄稼的农用车（奔马、四轮带拖挂）？为什么要从人家地里过？故意茬？捷径？】，邻居老太太心疼庄稼不许，争吵中躺在自家田头说：要过，就从身上轧过。于是车轰鸣着，轧过老人，陪了几万块私了。
【到底谁不讲道理？】
儿时的乡村，是可以夜不闭户的。【为什么夜不闭户，都不关门？】放学回家，有时家中无人，邻居大婶【是今天一个大婶，明天换个大婶，还是就那一个】总是招呼到他们家，坐在
饭桌前，一切都是那么自然。农忙时，家里农活忙碌，邀邻居来帮，【会来帮忙，还是如果来帮忙】只需吃顿简单的饭，聊聊天。【先吃饭，后帮忙；还是先帮忙，后吃饭？】【帮完忙先回家，吃饭时再来，还是不回家，吃完再走；是专门请一次？是为了吃顿饭才帮忙吗？】现在这里，生活的认知和价值观已经发生了很大的改变。我们都知道，国家在大力发展农村经济，我也期待家乡环境的改善【什么环境？】，也相信很快就会有大的变化，但乡村的这些事也让我思考，我们是否应该在文化价值观方面，做出相应的指点和引导呢？【什么意思？怎么指导？】
2009年1月高翻入学试题
表达问题
1.    杀人案中各个人物及其动作如何表达，才不至于引起混乱，如谁是victim; lease, rent, let等动词的双向性。
2.    选择谁是victim，反映译者的立场。
3.    有人用A, B表示两个人，意思虽清楚，不符合语言习惯。
4.    it和this。A man was killed by three brothers. Itall started from a dispute over rent. [it指代一个名词；this指代上述状况]
5.    区区几万元怎么说？merely a couple of wan (=10,000) yuan; a few wan kuai (10,000 yuan); a couple of ten thousand yuan.
A few dozen thousand yuan 可以，但节奏别扭。比较时可用，如：a few thousand or a few dozen thousand dollars?
Tens of thousands yuan, several tens of thousands yuan.给人以“多”的感觉，不用
6.    Yuan为什么大写？
修改举例
values翻译原译：
I went home during the National Day, when I passed by the yellow river, I saw more people driving their cars, though their appearances had not changed much, I was happy when I saw them driving their car that cost more than 200 millions.
改译：
I returned to my hometown during the National Day holiday. In the village on the Yellow River, I saw more and more people driving cars. Although their appearance has not changed much, I was excited to see them own cars that cost over 200,000 yuan (USD30,000).[1]
原译：
However, my happiness ceased when I chatted with the folks and was told that two incidents that happened. The first incident happened in the neighboring village where a person was killed in his home by two bothers from the same village, the story began with th
e rental of land, due to the rental scuffle, the tenant beat the party whom refused to accept rental offered, the tenant was quoted as saying would kill the person because of the few million dollars involved, the victim then garnered the support from his two brothers and hence the murder, four families were shattered in this incident. The second incident happened in our village. One of our village folks, after harvesting and collecting his corn requested to drive pass the field of his neighbour, the old lady of the neighboring house refused as she treasure her crops in the field, a quarrel started and the old lady said in anger that the neighbour could either drive pass his own field or driver over her dead body. The story ended with the car drove over her!
改译：
However, my excitement disappeared when I learned about two incidents during a chat on the street. The first one happened in the neighbouring village, where a man was killed in his home by three bothers from the same village. The story began with a dispute over the land rents. A local bully wanted lease land from a villager, but the owner was unwilling to ac
cept the low price offered. So the bully hired someone to beat up the owner and threatened that killing him was nothing but a couple of ten thousand yuan. The enraged victim then garnered the support from his two brothers. Hence the murder, and four shattered families. The second incident took place in my own village. One of our village folks needed to drive through the adjacent field to harvest corn. The neighbour, an old granny, refused as that would crush her crops. As the argument escalated into a quarrel, the old lady lay down on the ground[2] and challenged: “If you want to pass, drive over my body!” And so did the driver. The case was settled for a couple of ten thousand yuan.
原译：
While I was young, the village was so safe that we need not shut the doors at night. When I came back from school and there was no one home, it was very natural that aunty next-door would invite me to her place for lunch. During harvest period, we were all very busy and appeal for help, the neighbour would offer their help and stayed for simple meals and chats. Now, value of life and individual’s value had undergone a tremendous change. We al
l realized that our country is developing the urban area in full force, we hope to see change in our living environment and believe there will be tremendous change, but those incidents that happened set me thinking, should we do more in the areas of moral values to guide our village folks to cope with the change.
改译：
While I was young, the village was so safe that we need not shut the doors at night. When I came back from school and there was no one home, the aunty next door would always invite me to her place for a meal. Everything seemed so natural. During the harvest season, when we asked our neighbours for help, the return was only a simple meal accompanied by a hearty chat. Now, life and values in the village have undergone tremendous changes. We all know that our government is developing the rural areas in full force. And I am looking forward to a better life in my home town. But the incidents set me thinking: Should we do more to preserve the traditional values when times are changing?（可以把原文改得更符合逻辑；极个别情况下才需要故意保留原文的不当）

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