Matplotlib（2、柱状图）-plt.bar（）、plt.barh（）参数解释应⽤实例matplotlib画柱状图 - plt.bar()、plt.barh()
⼀、plt.bar()、plt.barh()参数详解
简介：
plt.bar()：正常柱状图 ，常见的统计图；
plt.barh()：横向的柱状图，可以理解为正常柱状图旋转了90°。
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pyplot import MultipleLocator
from matplotlib import ticker
%matplotlib inline
plt.bar(x, height, width=0.8, bottom=None,*, align='center', data=None,**kwargs)
# 横向柱状图barh，简单理解bar旋转90°
plt.barh(y, width, height=0.8, left=None,*, align='center',**kwargs)
常⽤参数解释：
plt.bar()
x：表⽰x坐标，数据类型为int或float类型，刻度⾃适应调整；也可传dataframe的object，x轴上等间距排列；
height：表⽰柱状图的⾼度，也就是y坐标值，数据类型为int或float类型；
matplotlib中subplotwidth：表⽰柱状图的宽度，取值在0~1之间，默认为0.8；
bottom：柱状图的起始位置，也就是y轴的起始坐标；
align：柱状图的中⼼位置，默认"center"居中，可设置为"lege"边缘；
color：柱状图颜⾊；
edgecolor：边框颜⾊；
linewidth：边框宽度；
tick_label：下标标签；
log：柱状图y周使⽤科学计算⽅法，bool类型；
orientation：柱状图是竖直还是⽔平，竖直：“vertical”，⽔平条：“horizontal”；
plt.barh()
y：表⽰y坐标，数据类型为int或float类型，刻度⾃适应调整；也可传dataframe的object，y轴上等间距排列；
height：表⽰柱状图的长度，也就是x坐标值，数据类型为int或float类型；
width：表⽰柱状图的⾼度，取值在0~1之间，默认为0.8；
其他参数与plt.bar()类似。
⼆、plt.bar()、plt.barh()简单应⽤
plt.bar()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
# 最简单，只传递x和y
plt.bar(data3['sku_pri'],data3['lk_num'])
plt.show()
结果：
plt.barh()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
# 横向柱状图barh()
# 最简单，只传递x和y
plt.barh(data3['sku_pri'],data3['lk_num']) plt.show()
结果
三、plt.bar()综合应⽤
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pyplot import MultipleLocator
from matplotlib import ticker
%matplotlib inline
# 第⼀个坐标轴和图
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,5), dpi=80)
ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
plt.subplot(1,1,1)
# 画多个图，传递多个不同的x轴刻度
x =[i for i in range(25)]# x轴标准刻度
x1 =[i-0.2for i in range(25)]# 第⼀个图x轴左偏移0.2
x2 =[i+0.2for i in range(25)]# 第⼆个图x周右偏移0.2，防⽌重叠
xx = data3['sku_pri'].to_list()# x周的刻度显⽰
ax.set_ylabel('y轴1的名称')
ax.set_xlabel('x周名字')
plt.bar(x1, data3['num_sales']/10000, width=0.4, label='第⼀张图')
plt.ylim(0,4000)
plt.title('plt.plot()综合应⽤')
ax.legend(loc='upper left')
# 第⼆个坐标轴和图
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2.spines['right'].set_position(('axes',1.0))
ax2.set_ylabel('y轴2的名称')
plt.bar(x2, data3['lk_num']/10000, width=0.4, color='orange', label='第⼆张图') plt.ylim(0,200)
ax2.legend(loc='upper center')
# 第三个坐标和图
ax3 = ax.twinx()
ax3.spines['right'].set_position(('axes',1.1))# 1.1向右便宜避免重叠
ax3.set_ylabel('y轴3的名称')
plt.plot(x, data3['lk_ra'], marker='*',color='purple', label='第三张图')
plt.ylim(0,0.12)
# y轴3设置刻度未百分⽐
ax3.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(0.02))
ax3.yaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.PercentFormatter(xmax=1, decimals=0)) icks(x,xx)
ax3.legend(loc='upper right')
# plt.savefig('保存图⽚名称'+'.png')
plt.show()
结果：
附：
官⽅参数解释：
plt.bar()
Parameters
----------
x : sequence of scalars
The x coordinates of the bars. See also *align* for the
alignment of the bars to the coordinates.
height : scalar or sequence of scalars
The height(s) of the bars.
width : scalar or array-like, optional
The width(s) of the bars (default: 0.8).
bottom : scalar or array-like, optional
The y coordinate(s) of the bars bases (default: 0).
align : {'center', 'edge'}, optional, default: 'center'
Alignment of the bars to the *x* coordinates:
- 'center': Center the base on the *x* positions.
- 'edge': Align the left edges of the bars with the *x* positions. To align the bars on the right edge pass a negative *width* and ``align='edge'``.
Returns
-------
container : `.BarContainer`
Container with all the bars and optionally errorbars.
Other Parameters
----------------
color : scalar or array-like, optional
The colors of the bar faces.
edgecolor : scalar or array-like, optional
The colors of the bar edges.
linewidth : scalar or array-like, optional
Width of the bar edge(s). If 0, don't draw edges.
tick_label : string or array-like, optional
tick_label : string or array-like, optional
The tick labels of the bars.
Default: None (Use default numeric labels.)
xerr, yerr : scalar or array-like of shape(N,) or shape(2,N), optional
If not *None*, add horizontal / vertical errorbars to the bar tips.
The values are +/- sizes relative to the data:
- scalar: symmetric +/- values for all bars
- shape(N,): symmetric +/- values for each bar
- shape(2,N): Separate - and + values for each bar. First row
contains the lower errors, the second row contains the
upper errors.
- *None*: No errorbar. (Default)
ecolor : scalar or array-like, optional, default: 'black'
The line color of the errorbars.
capsize : scalar, optional
The length of the error bar caps in points.
Default: None, which will take the value from
:rc:`errorbar.capsize`.
error_kw : dict, optional
Dictionary of kwargs to be passed to the `~.bar`
method. Values of *ecolor* or *capsize* defined here take
precedence over the independent kwargs.
log : bool, optional, default: False
If *True*, set the y-axis to be log scale.
orientation : {'vertical', 'horizontal'}, optional
*This is for internal use only.* Please use `barh` for
horizontal bar plots. Default: 'vertical'.
Other optional kwargs:
agg_filter: a filter function, which takes a (m, n, 3) float array and a dpi value, and returns a (m, n, 3) array alpha: float or None
animated: bool
antialiased or aa: unknown
capstyle: {'butt', 'round', 'projecting'}
clip_box: `.Bbox`
clip_on: bool
clip_path: [(`~matplotlib.path.Path`, `.Transform`) | `.Patch` | None]
color: color
contains: callable
edgecolor or ec: color or None or 'auto'
facecolor or fc: color or None
figure: `.Figure`
fill: bool
gid: str
hatch: {'/', '\\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', 'o', 'O', '.', '*'}
in_layout: bool
joinstyle: {'miter', 'round', 'bevel'}
label: object
linestyle or ls: {'-', '--', '-.', ':', '', (offset, on-off-seq), ...}
linewidth or lw: float or None
path_effects: `.AbstractPathEffect`
picker: None or bool or float or callable
rasterized: bool or None
sketch_params: (scale: float, length: float, randomness: float)
snap: bool or None
transform: `.Transform`
url: str
visible: bool
zorder: float
.. note::
In addition to the above described arguments, this function can take a
**data** keyword argument. If such a **data** argument is given, the
following arguments are replaced by **data[<arg>]**:
* All positional and all keyword arguments.
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